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To use one of these character entity references in an HTML or XML document, enter an ampersand (&) followed by the entity name, and a semicolon (mandatory in XML, and strongly recommended in HTML for all entities, even if HTML allows omitting the semicolon only from some entities indicated below by [b]), e.g., enter © for the copyright ...
In SGML, XML, and HTML, the ampersand is used to introduce an SGML entity, such as (for non-breaking space) or α (for the Greek letter α). The HTML and XML encoding for the ampersand character is the entity &. [38] This can create a problem known as delimiter collision when converting text into one of these markup languages.
Character entity references can also have the format &name; where name is a case-sensitive alphanumeric string. For example, "λ" can also be encoded as λ in an HTML document. The character entity references < , > , " and & are predefined in HTML and SGML, because < , > , " and & are already used to delimit markup.
The name of an HTML element is the name used in the tags. The end tag's name is preceded by a slash character /. If a tag has no content, an end tag is not allowed. If attributes are not mentioned, default values are used in each case.
The second is a link to the article that details that symbol, using its Unicode standard name or common alias. (Holding the mouse pointer on the hyperlink will pop up a summary of the symbol's function.); The third gives symbols listed elsewhere in the table that are similar to it in meaning or appearance, or that may be confused with it;
HTML 4.0 Character Entity References—shows how the named and decimal character references look in one's browser FileFormat.Info —details of many Unicode characters, including the named, decimal and hexadecimal character reference, showing how it should look and for each, how it looks in one's browser
The W3C standard XML Entity Definitions for Characters April 1, 2010 is the final authority on entity names. The ISO original standards committee (ISO/IECJTC1 SC34) invited the W3C MathML working group to take over the maintenance and development of entity names. The Unicode Consortium accepts the ISO recommendation.
Of course, when a name exists, a named reference (e.g., — for an em dash) is usually more convenient (and more easily recognized) than either numerical code. HTML character names (and the corresponding hexadecimal and decimal codes) are given in List of XML and HTML character entity references.