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The labarum (Greek: λάβαρον or λάβουρον [2]) was a vexillum (military standard) that displayed the "Chi-Rho" symbol ☧, a christogram formed from the first two Greek letters of the word "Christ" (Greek: ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ, or Χριστός) – Chi (χ) and Rho (ρ). [3] It was first used by the Roman emperor Constantine the Great. [4]
In Eastern Christianity, the most widely used Christogram is a four-letter abbreviation, ΙϹ ΧϹ—a traditional abbreviation of the Greek words for 'Jesus Christ' (i.e., the first and last letters of each of the words ΙΗϹΟΥϹ ΧΡΙϹΤΟϹ, with the lunate sigma 'Ϲ' common in medieval Greek), [23] and written with titlo (diacritic ...
Constantine's standard was known as the Labarum. Early symbols similar to the Chi Rho were the Staurogram ( ) and the IX monogram ( ). In pre-Christian times, the Chi-Rho symbol was also used to mark a particularly valuable or relevant passage in the margin of a page, abbreviating chrēston (good). [ 3 ]
Chi Rho/Chrismon/Labarum: The Chi Rho (/ ˈ k aɪ ˈ r oʊ /; also known as chrismon) is one of the earliest forms of christogram, formed by superimposing the first two (capital) letters—chi and rho (ΧΡ)—of the Greek word ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ (Christos) in such a way that the vertical stroke of the rho intersects the center of the chi. Stepped ...
Likewise, various emblems (Greek: σημεῖα, sēmeia; sing. σημεῖον, sēmeion) were used in official occasions and for military purposes, such as banners or shields displaying various motifs such as the cross or the labarum. [3]
The labarum is a symbol that shows the first two Greek letters of the word Christ (ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ or Χριστός) - Chi (χ) and Rho (ρ). Date: 25 March 2007: Source: Based on Labarum.png and Simple Labarum.gif. Author: Aethralis: SVG development
English: Labarum of Constantine I (Vexilloid of the Roman Empire). Drawn after File:As-Constantine-XR RIC vII 019.jpg; the three dots represent three "medallions" or portraits that could not be rendered in detail on the coin, c.f. File:Konstantin den stores labarum, Nordisk familjebok.png. c.f A. Macgeorge, Flags, Glasgow, 1881:
In ancient times, some local forms of the Greek alphabet used the chi instead of xi to represent the /ks/ sound. This was borrowed into the early Latin language, which led to the use of the letter X for the same sound in Latin, and many modern languages that use the Latin alphabet .