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Unicode equivalence is the specification by the Unicode character encoding standard that some sequences of code points represent essentially the same character. This feature was introduced in the standard to allow compatibility with pre-existing standard character sets , which often included similar or identical characters.
A Unicode supplementary character, i.e. a code point in the range U+10000 to U+10FFFF, is first represented as a surrogate pair, like in UTF-16, and then each surrogate code point is encoded in UTF-8. Therefore, CESU-8 needs six bytes (3 bytes per surrogate) for each Unicode supplementary character while UTF-8 needs only four.
A numeric character reference refers to a character by its Universal Character Set/Unicode code point, and a character entity reference refers to a character by a predefined name. A numeric character reference uses the format &#nnnn; or &#xhhhh; where nnnn is the code point in decimal form, and hhhh is the code point in hexadecimal form.
The tables below list the number of bytes per code point for different Unicode ranges. Any additional comments needed are included in the table. The figures assume that overheads at the start and end of the block of text are negligible. N.B. The tables below list numbers of bytes per code point, not per user visible "character" (or "grapheme ...
Converts Unicode character codes, always given in hexadecimal, to their UTF-8 or UTF-16 representation in upper-case hex or decimal. Can also reverse this for UTF-8. The UTF-16 form will accept and pass through unpaired surrogates e.g. {{#invoke:Unicode convert|getUTF8|D835}} → D835.
Unicode was designed to provide code-point-by-code-point round-trip format conversion to and from any preexisting character encodings, so that text files in older character sets can be converted to Unicode and then back and get back the same file, without employing context-dependent interpretation.
Code points are commonly used in character encoding, where a code point is a numerical value that maps to a specific character.In character encoding code points usually represent a single grapheme—usually a letter, digit, punctuation mark, or whitespace—but sometimes represent symbols, control characters, or formatting. [4]
A block is a uniquely named, contiguous range of code points. It is identified by its first and last code point. Blocks do not overlap. A block may contain code points that are reserved, not-assigned, etc. Each character that is assigned, has a single "block name" value from the 338 names assigned as of Unicode version 16.0. Unassigned code ...