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Diamond is a good electrical insulator, having a resistivity of 100 GΩ⋅m to 1 EΩ⋅m [32] (1.0 × 10 11 – 1.0 × 10 18 Ω⋅m), and is famous for its wide bandgap of 5.47 eV. High carrier mobilities [33] and high electric breakdown field [34] at room temperature are also important
Diamond is a solid form of the element carbon with its atoms ... Diamonds have been adopted for many uses because of the material's exceptional physical characteristics.
Other characteristics also influence the value and appearance of a gem diamond. These include physical characteristics such as the presence of fluorescence as well as the diamond's source and which gemological institute evaluated the diamond. Cleanliness also dramatically affects a diamond's beauty.
In 2001, a diamond-like-structured c-BC 2 N was synthesized at pressures >18 GPa and temperatures >2,200 K by a direct solid-state phase transition of graphite-like (BN) 0.48 C 0.52. The reported Vickers and Knoop hardnesses were intermediate between diamond and c-BN, making the new phase the second hardest known material. [39]
For example, diamonds, rubies, sapphires, and emeralds have been manufactured in labs that possess chemical and physical characteristics identical to the naturally occurring variety. Synthetic (lab created) corundum , including ruby and sapphire, is very common and costs much less than the natural stones.
Type II diamonds absorb in a different region of the infrared, and transmit in the ultraviolet below 225 nm, unlike Type I diamonds. They also have differing fluorescence characteristics. The crystals as found tend to be large and irregular in shape. Type II diamonds were formed under extremely high pressure for longer time periods.
Compared to natural diamonds that are composed of a mixture of 12 C and 13 C isotopes, isotopically pure diamonds possess improved characteristics such as increased thermal conductivity. [1] Thermal conductivity of diamonds is at a minimum when 12 C and 13 C are in a ratio of 1:1 and reaches a maximum when the composition is 100% 12 C or 100% ...
The lamproite diamond source is unusual, as almost all diamonds are mined from kimberlite formations and from alluvial deposits of diamonds weathered from that "hardrock" source. The most prominent lamproite diamond source is the Argyle diamond mine in Australia. It is notable that the physical characteristics of Australian lamproite and the ...