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  2. Magnesium chloride - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium_chloride

    Magnesium chloride is an inorganic compound with the formula Mg Cl 2.It forms hydrates MgCl 2 ·nH 2 O, where n can range from 1 to 12. These salts are colorless or white solids that are highly soluble in water.

  3. Carnallite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnallite

    Individual crystals are pseudo-hexagonal and tabular but are extremely rarely seen. [11] Field indicators of carnallite are environment of formation, absence of cleavage, and fracture. Other indicators can be density, taste, associations to local minerals, and whether it is capable of luminescence. Carnallite has a bitter taste. [11]

  4. Hydrate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrate

    Protein crystals commonly have as much as 50% water content. Molecules are also labeled as hydrates for historical reasons not covered above. Glucose, C 6 H 12 O 6, was originally thought of as C 6 (H 2 O) 6 and described as a carbohydrate. Hydrate formation is common for active ingredients. Many manufacturing processes provide an opportunity ...

  5. Water of crystallization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_of_crystallization

    Water of crystallization is stabilized by electrostatic attractions, consequently hydrates are common for salts that contain +2 and +3 cations as well as −2 anions. In some cases, the majority of the weight of a compound arises from water. Glauber's salt, Na 2 SO 4 (H 2 O) 10, is a white crystalline solid with greater than 50% water by weight.

  6. Crystallization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallization

    Crystallization is the process by which solids form, where the atoms or molecules are highly organized into a structure known as a crystal.

  7. Triphenylphosphine oxide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triphenylphosphine_oxide

    Triphenylphosphine oxide (often abbreviated TPPO) is the organophosphorus compound with the formula OP(C 6 H 5) 3, also written as Ph 3 PO or PPh 3 O (Ph = C 6 H 5).It is one of the more common phosphine oxides.

  8. Lattice energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lattice_energy

    In chemistry, the lattice energy is the energy change upon formation of one mole of a crystalline ionic compound from its constituent ions, which are assumed to initially be in the gaseous state. It is a measure of the cohesive forces that bind ionic solids.

  9. Bridgman–Stockbarger method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridgman–Stockbarger_method

    The Bridgman method is a popular way of producing certain semiconductor crystals such as gallium arsenide, for which the Czochralski method is more difficult. The process can reliably produce single-crystal ingots, but does not necessarily result in uniform properties through the crystal.