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The addition of Cl 2 to S 2 Cl 2 has been proposed to proceed via a mixed valence intermediate Cl 3 S−SCl. SCl 2 undergoes even further chlorination to give SCl 4, but this species is unstable at near room temperature. It is likely that several S n Cl 2 exist where n > 2. Disulfur dichloride, S 2 Cl 2, is the most common impurity in SCl 2.
S 8 + 4 Cl 2 → 4 S 2 Cl 2, ΔH = −58.2 kJ/mol. Excess chlorine produces sulfur dichloride, which causes the liquid to become less yellow and more orange-red: S 2 Cl 2 + Cl 2 ⇌ 2 SCl 2, ΔH = −40.6 kJ/mol. The reaction is reversible, and upon standing, SCl 2 releases chlorine to revert to the disulfur dichloride.
Sulfuryl chloride is used as a source of Cl 2. Because it is a pourable liquid, it is considered more convenient than Cl 2 to dispense. Sulfuryl chloride is used in the conversion of C−H to C−Cl adjacent to activating substituents such as carbonyls and sulfoxides: [5] [6] RC(O)CH 2 R' + SO 2 Cl 2 → RC(O)CHClR' + HCl + SO 2
Treatment of sulfur with hydrogen gives hydrogen sulfide.When dissolved in water, hydrogen sulfide is mildly acidic: [5] H 2 S ⇌ HS − + H +. Hydrogen sulfide gas and the hydrosulfide anion are extremely toxic to mammals, due to their inhibition of the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin and certain cytochromes in a manner analogous to cyanide and azide.
SCl 4 → SCl 2 + Cl 2. It hydrolyzes readily: SCl 4 + H 2 O → SOCl 2 + 2 HCl. Sulfur tetrachloride reacts with water, producing hydrogen chloride and sulfur dioxide through the hydrolysis process. Thionyl chloride is an implied intermediate. [5] SCl 4 + 2 H 2 O → SO 2 + 4 HCl. It can be oxidized by nitric acid: SCl 4 + 2 HNO 3 + 2 H 2 O ...
2 MoS 2 + 7 Cl 2 → 2 MoCl 5 + 2 S 2 Cl 2. Intercalation reactions. Molybdenum disulfide is a host for formation of intercalation compounds. This behavior is ...
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Thionyl chloride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula SOCl 2.It is a moderately volatile, colourless liquid with an unpleasant acrid odour.Thionyl chloride is primarily used as a chlorinating reagent, with approximately 45,000 tonnes (50,000 short tons) per year being produced during the early 1990s, [5] but is occasionally also used as a solvent.