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The "attribute of a visual sensation according to which an area appears to be similar to one of the perceived colors: red, yellow, green, and blue, or to a combination of two of them". [8] Lightness, value The "brightness relative to the brightness of a similarly illuminated white". [8] Luminance (Y or L v,Ω)
Standard SMPTE cinema screen luminance [10] 80 cd/m 2: Monitor white in the sRGB reference viewing environment 250 cd/m 2: Peak luminance of a typical LCD monitor [11] [12] 700 cd/m 2: Typical photographic scene on overcast day [7] [9] [12] 10 3: kcd/m 2: 1 kcd/m 2: Cloudy sky at noon [4] [12] 2 kcd/m 2: Average cloudy sky [5] [12] 2.5 kcd/m 2 ...
When laid flat, it may be called a light table. Generally, a lightbox uses light similar to daylight (5,000–6,000 kelvins (K)) and has uniform light strength on the glass pane. [3] In the form of vertical panels, they can also be found mounted on the walls of hospitals and medical offices to review X-ray images (X-ray illuminator). [4]
The luminance of a specified point of a light source, in a specified direction, is defined by the mixed partial derivative = where L v is the luminance ( cd / m 2 ); d 2 Φ v is the luminous flux ( lm ) leaving the area dΣ in any direction contained inside the solid angle dΩ Σ ;
Mathematically, for the spectral power distribution of a radiant exitance or irradiance one may write: =where M(λ) is the spectral irradiance (or exitance) of the light (SI units: W/m 2 = kg·m −1 ·s −3); Φ is the radiant flux of the source (SI unit: watt, W); A is the area over which the radiant flux is integrated (SI unit: square meter, m 2); and λ is the wavelength (SI unit: meter, m).
Some color spaces separate the three dimensions of color into one luminance dimension and a pair of chromaticity dimensions. For example, the white point of an sRGB display is an x , y chromaticity of (0.3127, 0.3290), where x and y coordinates are used in the xyY space.
Relative luminance follows the photometric definition of luminance including spectral weighting for human vision, but while luminance is a measure of light in units such as /, relative luminance values are normalized as 0.0 to 1.0 (or 1 to 100), with 1.0 (or 100) being a theoretical perfect reflector of 100% reference white. [1]
While luminance is a linear measurement of light, lightness is a linear prediction of the human perception of that light. This distinction is meaningful because human vision's lightness perception is non-linear relative to light. Doubling the quantity of light does not result in a doubling in perceived lightness, only a modest increase.