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Occupational segregation is the distribution of workers across and within occupations, based upon demographic characteristics, most often gender. [1] Other types of occupational segregation include racial and ethnicity segregation, and sexual orientation segregation.
According to William A. Darity, Jr. and Patrick L. Mason, there is a strong horizontal occupational division in the United States on the basis of gender; in 1990, the index of occupational dissimilarity was 53%, meaning 53% of women or 47% of men would have to move to a different career field in order for all occupations to have equal gender ...
Segregation by gender in the labor force is extremely high, hence the reason why there remain so many disparities and inequalities among men and women of equitable qualifications. The division of labor is a central feature for gender based inequality. It influences the structure both based on its economic aspects and construction of identities.
Black Women and White Women in the Professions: Occupational Segregation by Race and Gender, 1960–1980 (Perspectives on Gender) by N. Sokoloff (1992) Unequal Colleagues: The Entrance of Women into the Professions, 1890–1940 (Douglass Series on Women's Lives and the Meaning of Gender) by Penina Migdal Glazer and Miriam Slater (1987)
The Duncan Segregation Index is a measure of occupational segregation based on gender that measures whether there is a larger than expected presence of one gender over another in a given occupation or labor force by identifying the percentage of employed women (or men) who would have to change occupations for the occupational distribution of men and women to be equal.
These expectations, in turn, gave rise to gender stereotypes that play a role in the formation of sexism in the work place, i.e., occupational sexism. [ 1 ] According to a reference, there are three common patterns associated with social role theory that might help explain the relationship between the theory and occupational sexism.
Economists Blau and Kahn stated that women's pay compared to men's had improved because of a decrease in occupational segregation. They also argued that the gender wage difference will decline modestly and that the extent of discrimination against women in the labor market seems to be decreasing. [76] In 2008, a group of researchers examined ...
Occupational segregation occurs when groups of people are distributed across occupations according to ascribed characteristics; in this case, gender. [39] Occupational gender segregation can be understood [who?] to contain two components or dimensions; horizontal segregation and vertical segregation. With horizontal segregation, occupational ...