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Lewis structures – also called Lewis dot formulas, Lewis dot structures, electron dot structures, or Lewis electron dot structures (LEDs) – are diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a molecule, as well as the lone pairs of electrons that may exist in the molecule. [1][2][3] A Lewis structure can be drawn for any covalently bonded ...
Carbon dioxide is the lasing medium in a carbon-dioxide laser, which is one of the earliest type of lasers. Carbon dioxide can be used as a means of controlling the pH of swimming pools, [138] by continuously adding gas to the water, thus keeping the pH from rising. Among the advantages of this is the avoidance of handling (more hazardous) acids.
Fugacity. In chemical thermodynamics, the fugacity of a real gas is an effective partial pressure which replaces the mechanical partial pressure in an accurate computation of chemical equilibrium. It is equal to the pressure of an ideal gas which has the same temperature and molar Gibbs free energy as the real gas. [1]
Gilbert Newton Lewis ForMemRS [1] (October 23 [2][3][4] or October 25, 1875 – March 23, 1946) [1][5][6] was an American physical chemist and a dean of the college of chemistry at University of California, Berkeley. [3][7] Lewis was best known for his discovery of the covalent bond and his concept of electron pairs; his Lewis dot structures ...
Lewis number. In fluid dynamics and thermodynamics, the Lewis number (denoted Le) is a dimensionless number defined as the ratio of thermal diffusivity to mass diffusivity. It is used to characterize fluid flows where there is simultaneous heat and mass transfer. The Lewis number puts the thickness of the thermal boundary layer in relation to ...
Contributing structures of the carbonate ion. In chemistry, resonance, also called mesomerism, is a way of describing bonding in certain molecules or polyatomic ions by the combination of several contributing structures (or forms, [1] also variously known as resonance structures or canonical structures) into a resonance hybrid (or hybrid structure) in valence bond theory.
Noble gas is translated from the German noun Edelgas, first used in 1900 by Hugo Erdmann [ 5 ] to indicate their extremely low level of reactivity. The name makes an analogy to the term " noble metals ", which also have low reactivity. The noble gases have also been referred to as inert gases, but this label is deprecated as many noble gas ...
The table below gives thermodynamic data of liquid CO 2 in equilibrium with its vapor at various temperatures. Heat content data, heat of vaporization, and entropy values are relative to the liquid state at 0 °C temperature and 3483 kPa pressure. To convert heat values to joules per mole values, multiply by 44.095 g/mol.