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  2. DNA extraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_extraction

    DNA extraction. The first isolation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was done in 1869 by Friedrich Miescher. [1] DNA extraction is the process of isolating DNA from the cells of an organism isolated from a sample, typically a biological sample such as blood, saliva, or tissue. It involves breaking open the cells, removing proteins and other ...

  3. Polymerase chain reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerase_chain_reaction

    A strip of eight PCR tubes, each containing a 100 μL reaction mixture Placing a strip of eight PCR tubes into a thermal cycler. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a method widely used to make millions to billions of copies of a specific DNA sample rapidly, allowing scientists to amplify a very small sample of DNA (or a part of it) sufficiently to enable detailed study.

  4. Phenol–chloroform extraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenol–chloroform_extraction

    Process. Aqueous samples, lysed cells, or homogenised tissue are mixed with equal volumes of a phenol: chloroform mixture. This mixture is then centrifuged. Because the phenol:chloroform mixture is immiscible with water, the centrifuge will cause two distinct phases to form: an upper aqueous phase, and a lower organic phase.

  5. Boom method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boom_method

    The Boom method (Boom nucleic acid extraction method) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] is a solid phase extraction method for isolating nucleic acids (NA) [9] from biological samples. Silica beads are a key element to this method, which are capable of binding the nucleic acids in the presence of a chaotropic substance according to the chaotropic effect.

  6. Polymerase chain reaction optimization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerase_chain_reaction...

    The PCR method is extremely sensitive, requiring only a few DNA molecules in a single reaction for amplification across several orders of magnitude. Therefore, adequate measures to avoid contamination from any DNA present in the lab environment ( bacteria , viruses , or human sources) are required.

  7. Overlap extension polymerase chain reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overlap_extension...

    The overlap extension polymerase chain reaction (or OE-PCR) is a variant of PCR. It is also referred to as Splicing by overlap extension / Splicing by overhang extension (SOE) PCR. It is used assemble multiple smaller double stranded DNA fragments into a larger DNA sequence. OE-PCR is widely used to insert mutations at specific points in a ...

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