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The force per unit volume on a fluid in a gravitational field is equal to ρg where ρ is the density of the fluid, and g is the gravitational acceleration. On Earth, additional height of fresh water adds a static pressure of about 9.8 kPa per meter (0.098 bar/m) or 0.433 psi per foot of water column height.
In hydrology, discharge is the volumetric flow rate (volume per time, in units of m 3 /h or ft 3 /h) of a stream. It equals the product of average flow velocity (with dimension of length per time, in m/h or ft/h) and the cross-sectional area (in m 2 or ft 2). [1] It includes any suspended solids (e.g. sediment), dissolved chemicals like CaCO
The residence time of a fluid parcel is the total time that the parcel has spent inside a control volume (e.g.: a chemical reactor, a lake, a human body).The residence time of a set of parcels is quantified in terms of the frequency distribution of the residence time in the set, which is known as residence time distribution (RTD), or in terms of its average, known as mean residence time.
The lake retention time for a body of water with the volume 2,000 m 3 (71,000 cu ft) and the exit flow of 100 m 3 /h (3,500 cu ft/h) is 20 hours.. Lake retention time (also called the residence time of lake water, or the water age or flushing time) is a calculated quantity expressing the mean time that water (or some dissolved substance) spends in a particular lake.
On an average day nearly 303 million US gallons (1,150,000 m 3) of water flow from Big Spring in Missouri at a rate of 469 cubic feet per second (13.3 m 3 /s). Grand Prismatic Spring, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. A spring is a natural exit point at which groundwater emerges from an aquifer and flows across the ground surface as surface ...
Hydraulics and other studies [1] An open channel, with a uniform depth. Open-channel hydraulics deals with uniform and non-uniform streams. Illustration of hydraulic and hydrostatic, from the "Table of Hydraulics and Hydrostatics", from Cyclopædia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences, edited by Ephraim Chambers, 1728, Vol. 1
The Misconceptions About Animal Emotions. One of the biggest misconceptions is that emotions like love and grief are uniquely human. Barbara argues that such beliefs stem from a reluctance to ...
For pipe flows a so-called transit time method is applied where a radiotracer is injected as a pulse into the measured flow. The transit time is defined with the help of radiation detectors placed on the outside of the pipe. The volume flow is obtained by multiplying the measured average fluid flow velocity by the inner pipe cross-section.