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Many easily stated number problems have solutions that require sophisticated methods, often from across mathematics. A prominent example is Fermat's Last Theorem . This conjecture was stated in 1637 by Pierre de Fermat, but it was proved only in 1994 by Andrew Wiles , who used tools including scheme theory from algebraic geometry , category ...
Al-Biruni was well versed in physics, mathematics, astronomy, and natural sciences, and also distinguished himself as a historian, chronologist, and linguist. He studied almost all the sciences of his day and was rewarded abundantly for his tireless research in many fields of knowledge. [ 8 ]
This solution involves finding the critical value, , such that one is indifferent between early exercise and holding to maturity. [ 29 ] [ 30 ] Bjerksund and Stensland [ 31 ] provide an approximation based on an exercise strategy corresponding to a trigger price.
The study looked at gains in education in reading, spelling, and math, using standardized test scores for approximately 300,000 students. [168] The results demonstrate that children with less educated parents faltered in their learning gains, particularly in math and spelling, as compared to their higher income peers. [168]