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In the latter half of the 16th century, the Sultanate of Demak, the dominant power on the island of Java, disintegrated into several independent states. [8] At the turn of the 17th century, three of these states emerged as the leading powers: the Sultanate of Banten in western Java, the Sultanate of Mataram in inland central Java, and the Duchy of Surabaya in coastal eastern Java.
Surabaya [a] is the capital city of East Java province and the second-largest city in Indonesia, after Jakarta.Located on the northeastern corner of Java island, on the Madura Strait, it is one of the earliest port cities in Southeast Asia.
The Portuguese writer Tomé Pires mentioned that a Muslim lord was in power in Surabaya in 1513 though likely a vassal of the Hindu–Buddhist Majapahit. [1] At that time, Surabaya was already a major trading port, [2] owing to its location on the River Brantas delta and on the trade route between Malacca and the Spice Islands via the Java Sea. [3]
Sura and Baya image as a coat of arms of Surabaya.. The Sura and Crocodile statues contain folklore or legends about the Sura fish and crocodiles. According to legend, a long time ago there was a big fight between sura fish and crocodiles somewhere.
1 April 1906 – Surabaya's city council was established, composed of 15 Europeans, 3 natives, and 3 Chinese/Arabs. [16] 1910 – Work began on the construction of a modern port at Tanjung Perak. [17] 1913 – The Nederlandsch-Indische Artsen School/NIAS (Surabaya Medical college) was founded. [18]
Nonetheless, the family managed to reestablish their power base, and remained influential as landowners and in public administrators in Surabaya and East Java until the Indonesian revolution (1945—1950). [1] [3] Indeed, in Han Tjiong Khing (1866—1933), the family provided Surabaya with its last Majoor der Chinezen. [1]
After five years of war, Agung finally conquered Surabaya in a siege in 1625. With Surabaya brought into the empire, the Mataram kingdom encompassed all of central and eastern Java (plus Madura), except for the west end of Java and its mountainous south. In the west, Banten and the Dutch settlement in Batavia remained outside Agung's control.
Surabaya metropolitan area has five commuter rail services with the network similar with KRL Commuterline in Jakarta metropolitan area. The services connects Surabaya city center to the neighboring cities and regency in the area. The Suroboyo Bus city bus is serving Surabaya, using plastic waste as a form of payment. Ever since May 2022 ...