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The Bayon was the last state temple to be built at Angkor, and the only Angkorian state temple to be built primarily to worship Buddhist deities, though a great number of minor and local deities were also encompassed as representatives of the various districts and cities of the realm.
The temple-mountain of the Bayon, or perhaps the gate itself, [8]: 82 would then be the pivot around which the churning takes place. The nagas may also represent the transition from the world of men to the world of the gods (the Bayon), or be guardian figures. [9]
The Bayon is a temple at Angkor, Cambodia. It was built in the 13th century as the state temple of king Jayavarman VII , and stands at the centre of his capital, Angkor Thom . Its most distinctive feature is the multitude of smiling faces on the towers which rise up to its central peak.
Finally, he constructed his own "temple-mountain" at Bayon and developed the city of Angkor Thom around it. [6]: 121 He also built Neak Pean ("Coiled Serpent"), one of the smallest but most beautiful temples in the Angkor complex, a fountain with four surrounding ponds set on an island in that artificial lake. [6]: 124–125
Bayon Style (1181–1243): in the final quarter of the 12th century, King Jayavarman VII freed the country of Angkor from occupation by an invasionary force from Champa. Thereafter, he began a massive program of monumental construction, paradigmatic for which was the state temple called the Bayon.
For many years, scholars' consensus view was that the Bayon, the temple located at the center of Angkor Thom city, was the edifice to which the Sdok Kak Thom inscription referred. Later work identified the Bayon as a Buddhist site, built almost three centuries later than originally thought, in the late 12th century, and Phnom Bakheng as King ...
Under Suryavarman II (reigned 1113–1150), the Khmer kingdom united internally, [3] and the largest temple of Angkor, Angkor Wat, dedicated to the god Vishnu, was built in a period of 37 years. In the east, his campaigns against Champa and Annam were unsuccessful, [ 4 ] though he did sack Vijaya in 1145 and depose Jaya Indravarman III . [ 5 ]
These four sandstone temples, in the style of Bayon, were Buddhist and dedicated to the Bodhisatta Lokesvara, as was the Bayon and the city. Cross-shaped in plan and facing to the east side. The sanctuary surrounded by a tower and originally steles with a poem praising the king were housed in small adjacent structures.