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This is a partial list of symbols and labels used by political parties, groups or movements around the world. Some symbols are associated with one or more worldwide ideologies and used by many parties that support a particular ideology.
Democracies and dictatorships in 2008 [1] Democracies and dictatorships in 1988 [1]. Democracy-Dictatorship (DD), [1] index of democracy and dictatorship [2] or simply the DD index [3] or the DD datasets was the binary measure of democracy and dictatorship first proposed by Adam Przeworski et al. (2010), and further developed and maintained by Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland (2009). [4]
Definition Civilian dictatorship: A dictatorship where power resides in the hands of one single person or polity. That person may be, for example, an absolute monarch or a dictator, but can also be an elected president. The Roman Republic made dictators to lead during times of war; but the Roman dictators only held power for a small time.
Assembly-independent republic: Head of government (president or directory) is elected by the legislature, but is not accountable to it Other systems: Theocratic republic: Supreme Leader holds significant executive and legislative power
Date/Time Thumbnail Dimensions User Comment; current: 18:46, 27 January 2010: 1,275 × 1,650, 85 pages (167 KB): Kalki101: Title: From Dictatorship to Democracy Author: Gene Sharp PUBLIC DOMAIN : "All material appearing in this publication is in the public domain and may be reproduced without permission from Gene Sharp.
Democracy indices are quantitative and comparative assessments of the state of democracy [1] for different countries according to various definitions of democracy. [2]The democracy indices differ in whether they are categorical, such as classifying countries into democracies, hybrid regimes, and autocracies, [3] [4] or continuous values. [5]
Too many want a dictatorship. Too many leaders pander to people’s worst instincts. In a recent CNN op-ed, former Judge J. Michael Luttig explains how the American experiment can soon fail.
In political history, the term directory, in French directoire, is applied to high collegial institutions of state composed of members styled director.Early directorial systems were the Ambrosian Republic (1447-1450), the Bohemian Revolt (1618–1620), New England Confederation (1643–1686), partially in First Stadtholderless Period of Dutch Republic (1650–1672), Pennsylvania Constitution ...