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As with any patient, a detailed history of the problem is required to establish what is normal for that patient. The principal diagnostic tool for nocturia is the voiding bladder diary. Based on information recorded in the diary, a physician can classify the patient as having global polyuria, nocturnal polyuria, or bladder storage problems.
However, bladder problems are most prevalent among older women. [80] Women over the age of 60 years are twice as likely as men to experience incontinence; one in three women over the age of 60 years are estimated to have bladder control problems. [74] One reason why women are more affected is the weakening of pelvic floor muscles by pregnancy. [81]
Common findings, determined by ultrasound of the bladder, include a slow rate of flow, intermittent flow, and a large amount of urine retained in the bladder after urination. A normal test result should be 20–25 ml/s peak flow rate. A post-void residual urine greater than 50 ml is a significant amount of urine and increases the potential for ...
Among women with chronic pelvic pain, the most common comorbidities are endometriosis (70%), postpartum pelvic pain (44%), bladder pain syndrome (61%) and irritable bowel syndrome (39%).
A diary to track problems can help determine whether treatments are working. [3] Overactive bladder is estimated to occur in 7–27% of men and 9–43% of women. [1] It becomes more common with age. [1] Some studies suggest that the condition is more common in women, especially when associated with loss of bladder control. [1]
Nocturnal enuresis usually presents with voiding of urine during sleep in a child for whom it is difficult to wake. [7] [8] It may be accompanied by bladder dysfunction during the day which is termed non-mono symptomatic enuresis. [9] Day time enuresis, also known as urinary incontinence, may also be accompanied by bladder dysfunction.