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In humans, the SRY gene is located on short (p) arm of the Y chromosome at position 11.2. Sex-determining region Y protein (SRY), or testis-determining factor (TDF), is a DNA-binding protein (also known as gene-regulatory protein/transcription factor) encoded by the SRY gene that is responsible for the initiation of male sex determination in therian mammals (placentals and marsupials). [5]
The human Y chromosome showing the SRY gene which codes for a protein regulating sexual differentiation. Sexual differentiation in humans is the process of development of sex differences in humans. It is defined as the development of phenotypic structures consequent to the action of hormones produced following gonadal determination. [1]
The Y chromosome is one of two sex chromosomes in therian mammals and other organisms.Along with the X chromosome, it is part of the XY sex-determination system, in which the Y is the sex-determining chromosome because the presence of the Y chromosome causes offspring produced in sexual reproduction to be of male sex.
However, there are cases in which testes can develop in the absence of an SRY gene (see sex reversal). In these cases, the SOX9 gene, involved in the development of testes, can induce their development without the aid of SRY. In the absence of SRY and SOX9, no testes can develop and the path is clear for the development of ovaries.
Once the SRY gene is activated, cells create testosterone and anti-müllerian hormone which typically ensures the development of a single, male reproductive system. [9] In typical XX embryos, cells secrete estrogen, which drives the body toward the female pathway. In Y-centered sex determination, the SRY gene is the main gene in determining ...
The tip of the Y chromosome contains the SRY gene and, during recombination, a translocation occurs in which the SRY gene becomes part of the X chromosome. [15] [26] If a fetus is conceived from a sperm cell with an X chromosome bearing the SRY gene, it will develop as a male despite not having a Y chromosome. This form of the condition is ...
Hairy ears are an example of a gene once thought to be Y-linked in humans; however, that hypothesis was discredited. [5] Due to advancements in DNA sequencing, Y linkage is getting easier to determine and prove. The Y-chromosome has been entirely mapped, [7] revealing many Y-linked traits. [8]
XY complete gonadal dysgenesis, also known as Swyer syndrome, is a type of defect hypogonadism in a person whose karyotype is 46,XY. Though they typically have normal vulvas, [1] the person has underdeveloped gonads, fibrous tissue termed "streak gonads", and if left untreated, will not experience puberty.