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Soil contamination, soil pollution, or land pollution as a part of land degradation is caused by the presence of xenobiotic (human-made) chemicals or other alteration in the natural soil environment. It is typically caused by industrial activity, agricultural chemicals or improper disposal of waste .
Thus they can be found in soil, groundwater, and surface water due to soil erosion, leaching, and surface runoff. [26] The amount of time they stay in the environment depends on the soil type and climate conditions like temperature and moisture. [26] Chloroacetanilide herbicides include acetochlor, alachlor, among others. [26]
Water conservation; Disaster mitigation; Environmental law — Environmental crime • Environmental justice • Polluter pays principle • Precautionary principle • Regulatory capture • Trail ethics; Phase-out of fossil fuel vehicles. Environmental aspects of the electric car; Hydrogen economy; Rail electrification; Scrappage program ...
Environmental disasters. Chemical spills; ... Waste reduction; Water conservation; ... List of conservation issues; List of environmental issues;
Compounds like pesticides and pharmaceuticals from fertilizers are carried by water from farms into their surrounding areas soil and water bodies. [23] Then runoff happens after rainfall or irrigation, which causes an influx of chemicals to leak out of the soil where they were dumped and into rivers, lakes, and groundwater. [23]
They may also be carried to water by eroding soil. [62] Factors that affect a pesticide's ability to contaminate water include its water solubility, the distance from an application site to a body of water, weather, soil type, presence of a growing crop, and the method used to apply the chemical. [63]
The thousands of similar carbon fluorine compounds that together constitute PFAS can take centuries to break down in the environment, where the chemicals easily move through soil and water ...
Environmental chemists draw on a range of concepts from chemistry and various environmental sciences to assist in their study of what is happening to a chemical species in the environment. Important general concepts from chemistry include understanding chemical reactions and equations , solutions , units , sampling , and analytical techniques .