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In medicine, prolapse is a condition in which organs fall down or slip out of place. It is used for organs protruding through the vagina, rectum, or for the misalignment of the valves of the heart. A spinal disc herniation is also sometimes called "disc prolapse". Prolapse means "to fall out of place", from the Latin prolabi meaning "to fall out".
Another way of categorizing surgery for prolapse of pelvic organs is suspensive or resective (involving removal of sections of the bowel wall). Ventral rectopexy alone is a syspensive type surgery, a category which also includes colposacropexy. [10] Resection rectopexy additionally involves removal of a section of the sigmoid colon ...
Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification System (POP-Q) Stage Description 0: No prolapse anterior and posterior points are all −3 cm, and C or D is between −TVL and −(TVL−2) cm. 1: The criteria for stage 0 are not met, and the most distal prolapse is more than 1 cm above the level of the hymen (less than −1 cm). 2
A rectal prolapse occurs when walls of the rectum have prolapsed to such a degree that they protrude out of the anus and are visible outside the body. [2] However, most researchers agree that there are 3 to 5 different types of rectal prolapse, depending on whether the prolapsed section is visible externally, and whether the full or only partial thickness of the rectal wall is involved.
PPH uses a circular stapler to reduce the degree of prolapse. The procedure avoids the need for wounds in the sensitive perianal area thus reducing post-operative pain considerably, and facilitates a speedier return to normal activities. This procedure is for internal hemorrhoids only and not for external hemorrhoids or anal fissures. [2] [3] [4]
Pessaries are most commonly used for pelvic organ prolapse and considered a good treatment option for women who need or desire non-surgical management or future pregnancy. [12] It is used to treat prolapse of uterine , vaginal wall ( vaginal vault ), bladder ( cystocele ), rectum ( rectocele ), or small bowel ( enterocele ).
Pelvic organ prolapse is often treated with one or more surgeries to repair the vagina. Sometimes a vaginoplasty is needed following the treatment or removal of malignant growths or abscesses to restore a normal vaginal structure and function. Surgery to the vagina is done to correct congenital defects to the vagina, urethra and rectum.
Uterine Prolapse, an example of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) Transvaginal mesh prevents pelvic organs, such as the bladder, uterus and rectum from sagging into the vagina due to weak pelvic muscles by acting as a hammock underneath. [3] Depending on the organs involved, it can be placed on the anterior, posterior, or top wall of vagina ...