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Aerogel contains particles that are 2–5 nm in diameter. After the process of creating aerogel, it will contain a large amount of hydroxyl groups on the surface. The hydroxyl groups can cause a strong reaction when the aerogel is placed in water, causing it to catastrophically dissolve in the water.
They include silica aerogels, carbon nanotube aerogels, aero graphite, metallic foams, polymeric foams, and metallic micro lattices. [1] Ultralight materials are produced to have the strength of bulk-scaled properties at a micro-size. Also, they are designed to not compress even under extreme pressure, which show that they are stiff and strong. [2]
Graphene aerogels have a Young's modulus on the order of 50 MPa. [7] They can be compressed elastically to strain values >50%. [6] The stiffness and compressibility of graphene aerogels can be attributed in part to the strong sp 2 bonding of graphene and the π-π interaction between carbon sheets.
The aerogel sheets have a density of ≈1.5 mg/cm 3, an areal density of 1-3 μg/cm 2, and a thickness of ≈20 μm. The thickness is decreased to ≈50 nm by liquid-based densification to decrease the volume. The aerogel sheets can be stretched as much as three times along the width while low-modulus rubber like behavior is remained.
Aerogel is a low-density solid-state material derived from gel in which the liquid component of the gel has been replaced with gas. The result is an extremely low density solid with several remarkable properties, most notably its effectiveness as a thermal insulator. It is also very strong structurally, able to hold over 2000 times its own weight.
While not a gas, it is possible to synthesize an ultralight aerogel with a density less than air, the lightest recorded so far reaching a density approximately 1/6th that of air. [13] Aerogels don't float in ambient conditions, however, because air fills the pores of an aerogel's microstructure, so the apparent density of the aerogel is the sum ...
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Microlattices can also be 100 times stronger than regular polymers. [10] Metallic microlattices are characterized by very low densities, with the 2011 record of 0.9 mg/cm 3 being among the lowest values of any known solid. The previous record of 1.0 mg/cm 3 was held by silica aerogels, and aerographite is claimed to have a density of 0.2 mg/cm ...