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Transverse section of head of chick embryo of forty-eight hours’ incubation Transverse section of head of chick embryo of fifty-two hours’ incubation, showing the lens and the optic cup. Eye formation in the human embryo begins at approximately three weeks into embryonic development and continues through the tenth week. [1]
During embryonic development of the eye, the outer wall of the bulb of the optic vesicles becomes thickened and invaginated, and the bulb is thus converted into a cup, the optic cup (or ophthalmic cup), consisting of two strata of cells.
The strength of eye muscle control is positively correlated to achieve depth perception. Human eyes are formed in such a way that each eye reflects a stimulus at a slightly different angle thereby producing two images that are processed in the brain. These images provide the essential visual information regarding 3D features of the external world.
Pax6 is a transcription factor that is essential to the development of the lens placode. More specifically, it is needed for the surface ectoderm to fully develop. Pax6 has been identified as a necessary transcription factor for the thickness of the lens placode. [3] SOX2 is a transcription factor that works alongside Pax6 to develop the lens ...
The eyes begin to develop as a pair of diverticula (pouches) from the lateral aspects of the forebrain.These diverticula make their appearance before the closure of the anterior end of the neural tube; [1] [2] after the closure of the tube around the 4th week of development, they are known as the optic vesicles.
Many of the genes listed in Table 1 play an important role in embryonic development, specifically during skeletal patterning and limb bud formation. [18] The Shh gene, and genes belonging to the BMP, Hox, T-box, FGF, and Wnt families, all play a pivotal role in cell signaling and differentiation to regulate and promote successful limb formation.
Tension on the capsule is varied to allow the lens to subtly change shape to allow the eye to focus in a process called accommodation. Early in embryonic development the lens capsule is highly vascularized, but later during embryo development becomes avascular and transparent, serving as a diffusion barrier helping to protect the lens.
Human embryonic development covers the first eight weeks of development, which have 23 stages, called Carnegie stages. At the beginning of the ninth week, the embryo is termed a fetus (spelled "foetus" in British English). In comparison to the embryo, the fetus has more recognizable external features and a more complete set of developing organs.