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List of neurosteroids – excitatory, inhibitory, mixed, neurotrophic, antineurotrophic, and other neurosteroids, as well as pheromones and pherines List of steroidogenesis inhibitors – steroidogenesis inhibitors , or inhibitors of steroid biosynthesis and metabolism
Although all anabolic steroids have androgenic effects, some of them paradoxically results in feminization, such as breast tissue in males, a condition called gynecomastia. These side effect are caused by the natural conversion of testosterone into estrogen and estradiol by the action of aromatase enzyme, encoded by the CYP19A1 gene. [105]
Estrogenic side effects such as gynecomastia and fluid retention can also occur. [1] Case reports of gynecomastia exist. [ 21 ] [ 22 ] As with other 17α-alkylated steroids, methandienone poses a risk of hepatotoxicity and use over extended periods of time can result in liver damage without appropriate precautions.
Hormone and metabolic modulators modify the effects of hormones or accelerate or slow down enzyme reactions, for example anti-Estrogens are substances that block the effects of estrogen in the body (usually to prevent tumors) and are used by athletes to counter the side effects of steroids. [15]
It is given by injection into muscle usually once every two to three days. [5] [7] [8] Side effects of testosterone propionate include symptoms of masculinization like acne, increased hair growth, voice changes, and increased sexual desire. [5] Testosterone supplementation is also known to reduce the threshold for aggressive behavior in men. [9]
Common side effects of testosterone include acne, swelling, and breast enlargement in men. [9] Serious side effects may include liver toxicity, heart disease, and behavioral changes. [9] Women and children who are exposed may develop masculinization. [9] It is recommended that individuals with prostate cancer should not use the medication. [9]
Side effects of testosterone cypionate include virilization among others. [4] Diminished sperm production is a common side-effect of testosterone replacement therapy because of the decreased intra-testicular concentration of testosterone and suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis .
Side effects from prolonged use are likely to include infertility in both men and women, as well as other steroid side effects such as acne and hirsutism. [8] Unlike most other anabolic steroids, THG also binds with high affinity to the glucocorticoid receptor, and while this effect may cause additional weight loss, it is also likely to cause additional side effects such as immunosuppression ...