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  2. Experimental uncertainty analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimental_uncertainty...

    For example, an experimental uncertainty analysis of an undergraduate physics lab experiment in which a pendulum can estimate the value of the local gravitational acceleration constant g. The relevant equation [1] for an idealized simple pendulum is, approximately,

  3. Propagation of uncertainty - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagation_of_uncertainty

    Any non-linear differentiable function, (,), of two variables, and , can be expanded as + +. If we take the variance on both sides and use the formula [11] for the variance of a linear combination of variables ⁡ (+) = ⁡ + ⁡ + ⁡ (,), then we obtain | | + | | +, where is the standard deviation of the function , is the standard deviation of , is the standard deviation of and = is the ...

  4. Uncertainty analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty_analysis

    In physical experiments uncertainty analysis, or experimental uncertainty assessment, deals with assessing the uncertainty in a measurement.An experiment designed to determine an effect, demonstrate a law, or estimate the numerical value of a physical variable will be affected by errors due to instrumentation, methodology, presence of confounding effects and so on.

  5. Uncertainty quantification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty_quantification

    An example of a source of this uncertainty would be the drag in an experiment designed to measure the acceleration of gravity near the earth's surface. The commonly used gravitational acceleration of 9.8 m/s² ignores the effects of air resistance, but the air resistance for the object could be measured and incorporated into the experiment to ...

  6. Uncertainty principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty_principle

    where = is the reduced Planck constant.. The quintessentially quantum mechanical uncertainty principle comes in many forms other than position–momentum. The energy–time relationship is widely used to relate quantum state lifetime to measured energy widths but its formal derivation is fraught with confusing issues about the nature of time.

  7. Expectation value (quantum mechanics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expectation_value_(quantum...

    In quantum mechanics, the expectation value is the probabilistic expected value of the result (measurement) of an experiment. It can be thought of as an average of all the possible outcomes of a measurement as weighted by their likelihood, and as such it is not the most probable value of a measurement; indeed the expectation value may have zero probability of occurring (e.g. measurements which ...

  8. Measurement uncertainty - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measurement_uncertainty

    In metrology, measurement uncertainty is the expression of the statistical dispersion of the values attributed to a quantity measured on an interval or ratio scale.. All measurements are subject to uncertainty and a measurement result is complete only when it is accompanied by a statement of the associated uncertainty, such as the standard deviation.

  9. Uncertainty budget - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty_budget

    The individual measurement uncertainty factors are summarised, usually in tabular form, in the measurement uncertainty budget. Following the description of the measurement procedure and the laying down of the complete model equation, the knowledge of all input variables (values, distribution function , standard uncertainties ) can be ...