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The Japanese familialism of its social care system, based on its Confucianism tradition, relieved the government from having to face social welfare stress, and undermined necessary gender welfare in Japan. Government expenditures for all forms of social welfare increased from 6% of the national income in the early 1970s to 18% in 1989.
Universal basic income refers to a social welfare system where all citizens or residents of a country receive an unconditional lump sum income, meaning an income that is not based on need (i.e. it is not means tested). The proposal has been debated in a number of countries in recent years, including Japan. [1]
Other areas of the Constitution and connected laws discussed for potential revision related to the status of women, the education system and the system of public corporations (including social welfare, non-profit and religious organizations as well as foundations), and structural reform of the election process, e.g. to allow for direct election ...
(This is also described under Social Welfare in Japan) Category 1 – All registered residents of Japan who are aged between 20 and 60 years old, but do not fit into either category 2 or 3 (i.e. typically the unemployed, self-employed, or employees of very small companies). People in this category should go to the National Pension counter at ...
The Japan Pension Service (日本年金機構, Nihon nenkin kikō) is a government organization administered by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. On January 1, 2010, it replaced the Social Insurance Agency .
Establish a system to pay a fixed amount on top of the pensions of low-income elderly people; Establish a "Japanese version of the family doctor system" to realize a welfare state with "100 years of health" Improve the quality and quantity of nursing care services to eliminate people leaving their jobs to care for their loved ones
By the early 1980s, pensions accounted for nearly 50% of social welfare and social security expenditures because people were living longer after retirement. A major revision in the public pension system in 1986 unified several former plans into the single Employee Pension Insurance Plan. In addition to merging the former plans, the 1986 reform ...
In 1961, Japan had established a comprehensive social security system - "national health insurance and pension schemes", when all Japanese people were finally covered. [9] The most significant effect of redistribution under the social insurance schemes is the subsistence guarantee of low-income and disable people.