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To factorize a small integer n using mental or pen-and-paper arithmetic, the simplest method is trial division: checking if the number is divisible by prime numbers 2, 3, 5, and so on, up to the square root of n. For larger numbers, especially when using a computer, various more sophisticated factorization algorithms are more efficient.
In algebra, the partial fraction decomposition or partial fraction expansion of a rational fraction (that is, a fraction such that the numerator and the denominator are both polynomials) is an operation that consists of expressing the fraction as a sum of a polynomial (possibly zero) and one or several fractions with a simpler denominator.
The prime decomposition of the number 2450 is given by 2450 = 2 · 5 2 · 7 2.Of the primes occurring in this decomposition, 2, 5, and 7, only 7 is congruent to 3 modulo 4.
Algorithms are known for decomposing univariate polynomials in polynomial time. Polynomials which are decomposable in this way are composite polynomials; those which are not are indecomposable polynomials or sometimes prime polynomials [1] (not to be confused with irreducible polynomials, which cannot be factored into products of polynomials).
A number of compatible shapes that extend pattern blocks are commercially available. Two sets of "Fractional Pattern Blocks" exist: both with two blocks. [7] The first has a pink double hexagon and a black chevron equivalent to four triangles. The second has a brown half-trapezoid and a pink half-triangle.
For example, the number of irreducible factors of a polynomial is the nullity of its Ruppert matrix. [7] Thus the multiplicities , …, can be identified by square-free factorization via numerical GCD computation and rank-revealing on Ruppert matrices.