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A hiatal hernia or hiatus hernia [2] is a type of hernia in which abdominal organs (typically the stomach) slip through the diaphragm into the middle compartment of the chest. [1] [3] This may result in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) with symptoms such as a taste of acid in the back of the mouth or heartburn.
It can be caused by or associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease, [1] esophagitis, a dysfunctional lower esophageal sphincter, disordered motility, lye ingestion, or a hiatal hernia. Strictures can form after esophageal surgery and other treatments such as laser therapy or photodynamic therapy. While the area heals, a scar forms, causing ...
A hiatus hernia is a hernia in which parts of the lower esophagus or stomach that are normally in the abdomen pass abnormally through the diaphragm and are present in the thorax. Hernias are described as rolling , in which the hernia is beside the oesophagus, or sliding , in which the hernia directly involves the esophagus.
The twisting can occur around the long axis of the stomach, called organoaxial, or around the axis perpendicular to this, called mesenteroaxial. Obstruction is more likely with organoaxial twisting than with mesenteroaxial, while the latter is more associated with ischemia. About one third of the cases are associated with a hiatal hernia ...
Restrictive lung diseases are a category of extrapulmonary, pleural, or parenchymal respiratory diseases that restrict lung expansion, [2] resulting in a decreased lung volume, an increased work of breathing, and inadequate ventilation and/or oxygenation. Pulmonary function test demonstrates a decrease in the forced vital capacity.
Hiatal hernia [14] Cardiac bridge (Coronary occluding reflexes triggered by coronary reflexes) Enteric disease; Aneructonia, the loss of the ability to belch (continuous or intermittent) [citation needed] Bowel obstruction (Less common, this usually leads to intense pain in short time) Acute pancreatic necrosis [15] Eosinophilia