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Bipolar disorder; Other names: Bipolar affective disorder (BPAD), [1] bipolar illness, manic depression, manic depressive disorder, manic–depressive illness (historical), [2] manic–depressive psychosis, circular insanity (historical), [2] bipolar disease [3] Bipolar disorder is characterized by episodes of mania or hypomania and depression ...
Bipolar disorder can also involve depressive episodes, which have the same symptoms that people with major depressive disorder experience. Symptoms of a depressive episode can include:
Mood disorder; Other names: mental disorder: A depressive man standing by a country pond in the pouring rain: Specialty: Psychiatry: Types: Bipolar disorder, cyclothymia, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, dysthymia, major depressive disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, seasonal affective disorder
Bipolar disorder is a mental disorder with cyclical periods of depression and periods of elevated mood. [1] The elevated mood is significant and is known as mania, a severe elevation that can be accompanied by psychosis in some cases, or hypomania, a milder form of mania.
Bipolar disorder is difficult to diagnose. [2] If a person displays some symptoms of bipolar disorder but not others, the clinician may diagnose bipolar NOS. The diagnosis of bipolar NOS is indicated when there is a rapid change (days) between manic and depressive symptoms and can also include recurring episodes of hypomania. Bipolar NOS may be ...
The word melancholia is derived from melas/μελας, meaning "black", and chole/χολη, meaning "bile" or "gall", [1] indicative of the term's origins in pre-Hippocratic humoral theories. A man known as Aretaeus of Cappadocia has the first records of analyzing the symptoms of depression and mania in the 1st century of Greece. There is ...
Hypomania is a feature of bipolar II disorder and cyclothymia, but can also occur in schizoaffective disorder. [11] Hypomania is also a feature of bipolar I disorder; it arises in sequential procession as the mood disorder fluctuates between normal mood (i.e., euthymia) and mania. Some individuals with bipolar I disorder have hypomanic as well ...
A variety of other agents have been tried in bipolar disorder, including benzodiazepines, calcium channel blockers, L-methylfolate, and thyroid hormone. [2] Modafinil (Provigil) and pramipexole (Mirapex) have been suggested for treating cognitive dysfunction associated with bipolar depression, but evidence supporting their use is quite limited.