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In the 19th century and for much of the 20th, it was believed that Chronicles and Ezra–Nehemiah came from the same author or circle of authors (similar to the traditional view which held Ezra to be the author of all three), but the usual view among modern scholars is that the differences between Chronicles and Ezra–Nehemiah are greater than the similarities, and that Ezra–Nehemiah itself ...
Ezra (fl. fifth or fourth century BCE) [1] [a] [b] is the main character of the Book of Ezra. According to the Hebrew Bible, he was an important Jewish scribe and priest in the early Second Temple period. In the Greek Septuagint, the name is rendered as Ésdrās (Ἔσδρας), from which the Latin name Esdras comes.
The Book of Ezra is a book of the Hebrew Bible which formerly included the Book of Nehemiah in a single book, commonly distinguished in scholarship as Ezra–Nehemiah.The two became separated with the first printed rabbinic bibles of the early 16th century, following late medieval Latin Christian tradition. [1]
The Torah itself attributes certain sections to Mosaic authorship. [note 1] In later biblical texts, such as Daniel 9:11 and Ezra 3:2, it is called the "Torah of Moses". [8] According to Rabbinic tradition, the five books of the Torah were written by Moses, with the exception of the last eight verses of Deuteronomy which describe his death. [9]
Under Ezra, Torah reading became more frequent and the congregation themselves substituted for the King's role. According to one source, Ezra initiated the modern custom of reading thrice weekly in the synagogue. [2] This reading is an obligation incumbent on the congregation, not an individual, and did not replace the Hakhel reading by the king.
According to Shir ha-Shirim Rabbah, Ezra marks the springtime in the national history of Judaism; "the flowers appear on the earth" (Canticles 2:12) are considered a reference to Ezra and Nehemiah. [1] Ezra was worthy of being the vehicle of the Torah, had it not been already given through Moses. [2] The Torah was forgotten, but Ezra restored ...
In his seminal Prolegomena zur Geschichte Israels, Julius Wellhausen argues that Judaism as a religion based on widespread observance Torah law first emerged in 444 BCE when, according to the biblical account provided in the Book of Nehemiah (chapter 8), a priestly scribe named Ezra reads a copy of the Mosaic Torah before the populace of Judea ...
According to R. H. Charles, the text of the Greek Apocalypse of Ezra was influenced by the book of 2 Esdras. The extant version of the Greek Apocalypse is thought to have undergone extensive reworking, if not having been totally written by, Christian editors, mentioning the Apostles Paul and John, King Herod, etc.