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Growth charts are different for boys and girls, due in part to pubertal differences and disparity in final adult height. In addition, children born prematurely and children with chromosomal abnormalities such as Down syndrome and Turner syndrome follow distinct growth curves which deviate significantly from children without these conditions.
Pediatric growth is measured in height or length, head circumference (used from 0–2 years of age), weight, [3] and BMI (used starting at 2 years of age). [4] It is determined by multiple factors including genetic, environmental, hormonal, nutritional and psychosocial factors.
Growth is steady though slower than in first two years. Adult height can be predicted from measurements of height at three years of age; males are approximately 53% of their adult height and females, 57%. Legs grow faster than arms. Circumference of head and chest is equal; head size is in better proportion to the body.
Short title: Birth to 36 months: Boys, Head circumberence-for-age and Weight-for-length percentiles: Image title: CDC Growth Charts: United States: Author
Head circumference may be of normal size and disproportionate to a small body size; Wide and late-closing fontanelle; Clinodactyly; Body asymmetry: one side of the body grows more slowly than the other; Continued poor growth with no "catch up" into the normal centile lines on growth chart; Precocious puberty (occasionally) Low muscle tone
The diagnosis of FTT relies on plotting the child's height and weight on a validated growth chart, such as the World Health Organization (WHO) growth charts [62] for children younger than two years old or the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth charts [63] for patients between the ages of two and twenty years old. [3]
By the time of birth the head has decreased to approximately 30% of total body length as a result of the limbs and trunk growing faster than the head. This trend continues postnatally along an axis of increased growth from the head to the feet. Finally, in adults, the head represents approximately 12% of the body length.
Have a head circumference equal to that of the chest; Have one to eight teeth; Pull to stand; Walk with help or alone; Sit down without help; Bang two blocks together; Turn through the pages of a book by flipping many pages at a time; Have a pincer grasp; Sleep 8–10 hours a night and take one to two naps; Walks well alone with wide based gait ...