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Rosenthal and Jacobson's study of the Pygmalion effect was criticized for both weak methodology and lack of replicability (see Pygmalion in the Classroom). The prior research that motivated this study was conducted in 1911 by psychologists regarding the case of Clever Hans , a horse that gained notoriety because it was supposed to be able to ...
Pygmalion in the Classroom is a 1968 book by Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobson about the effects of teacher expectation on first and second grade student performance. [1] The idea conveyed in the book is that if teachers' expectations about student ability are manipulated early, those expectations will carry over to affect teacher behavior ...
Lenore F Jacobson was principal of an elementary school in the South San Francisco Unified School District in 1963 when she started a correspondence with Harvard psychologist Robert Rosenthal which led to the influential Pygmalion Effect study. Jacobson, who had earned an MA at California State University, Sacramento in 1951, wrote to Rosenthal ...
Robert Rosenthal (March 2, 1933 – January 5, 2024) was a German-born American psychologist who was a Distinguished Professor of Psychology at the University of California, Riverside. His interests included self-fulfilling prophecies , which he explored in a well-known study of the Pygmalion effect : the effect of teachers' expectations on ...
A study by Schrank that predated the Rosenthal and Jacobson article looked at US Air Force Academy airmen. [8] The author induced a "labeling effect" by randomly assigning incoming freshmen to one of five class sections supposedly designating ability levels.
The experimenter may introduce cognitive bias into a study in several ways — in the observer-expectancy effect, the experimenter may subtly communicate their expectations for the outcome of the study to the participants, causing them to alter their behavior to conform to those expectations. Such observer bias effects are near ...
Behavioral confirmation occurs when one person (the "perceiver") encourages another person (the "target") to behave in ways that confirm the expectancies of the perceiver (e.g., Rosenthal & Jacobson, 1968; Snyder & Klein, 2005; Snyder, Tanke, & Berscheid, 1977). Self-verification occurs when the "target" persuades the "perceiver" to behave in a ...
One study by Ambady and Rosenthal shows that subjects were able to form accurate judgement of impression by just watching short video clips of teachers providing non verbal behavior. [17] An example from the study, participants were able to form accurate impressions of the teachers by just watching 10-second, 5-second, and 2-second lengths of ...