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However, the human body has both short-term and long-term adaptations to altitude that allow it to partially compensate for the lack of oxygen. There is a limit to the level of adaptation; mountaineers refer to the altitudes above 8,000 metres (26,000 ft) as the death zone, where it is generally believed that no human body can acclimatize.
The generally strong dependency on elevation is known as altitudinal zonation: the average temperature of a location decreases as the elevation increases. The general effect of elevation depends on atmospheric physics. However, the specific climate and ecology of any particular location depends on specific features of that location.
However, the False Creek Tunnel, part of the Canada Line rail-based transit system in Vancouver, at 29 m (95 ft) below sea level, is the lowest publicly accessible point in Canada. [16] Parts of Richmond, British Columbia are below sea-level, though behind dikes. [citation needed]
The northernmost point of land within the boundaries of Canada is Cape Columbia, Ellesmere Island, Nunavut [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The northernmost point of the Canadian mainland is Zenith Point on Boothia Peninsula , Nunavut 72°00′07″N 94°39′18″W / 72.002°N 94.655°W / 72.002; -94.655 ( Zenith Point, Nunavut
High-altitude adaptation in humans is an instance of evolutionary modification in certain human populations, including those of Tibet in Asia, the Andes of the Americas, and Ethiopia in Africa, who have acquired the ability to survive at altitudes above 2,500 meters (8,200 ft). [1]
Land surface elevation extremes by country; Country or region Highest point Maximum elevation Lowest point Minimum elevation Elevation span Afghanistan: Noshaq: 7492 m 24,580 ft Amu Darya: 258 m 846 ft 7234 m 23,734 ft Albania: Korab: 2764 m 9,068 ft Adriatic Sea: sea level 2764 m 9,068 ft Algeria: Mount Tahat: 3003 m 9,852 ft Chott Melrhir ...
The human body has optimal endurance below 150 m (490 ft) elevation. [6] The concentration of oxygen (O 2) in air is 20.9% so the partial pressure of O 2 (PO 2) at sea level is about 21.2 kPa (6.3 inHg; 3.07 psi). In healthy individuals, this saturates hemoglobin, the oxygen-binding red pigment in red blood cells. [7]
Elevation, climate, and soil fertility set upper limits on types of crops that can reside in each zone. Populations residing in the Andes Mountain region of South America have taken advantage of varying altitudinal environments to raise a wide variety of different crops. [ 11 ]