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Hypophosphatemia is diagnosed by measuring the concentration of phosphate in the blood. Concentrations of phosphate less than 0.81 mmol/L (2.5 mg/dL) are considered diagnostic of hypophosphatemia, though additional tests may be needed to identify the underlying cause of the disorder. [9]
The diagnosis of hyperphosphatemia is made through measuring the concentration of phosphate in the blood. A phosphate concentration greater than 1.46 mmol/L (4.5 mg/dL) is indicative of hyperphosphatemia, though further tests may be needed to identify the underlying cause of the elevated phosphate levels. [5]
In biological systems, phosphorus can be found as free phosphate anions in solution (inorganic phosphate) or bound to organic molecules as various organophosphates. Inorganic phosphate is generally denoted P i and at physiological (homeostatic) pH primarily consists of a mixture of [HPO 4] 2− and [H 2 PO 4] − ions.
An adult with healthy diet consumes and excretes about 1–3 grams of phosphorus per day, with consumption in the form of inorganic phosphate and phosphorus-containing biomolecules such as nucleic acids and phospholipids; and excretion almost exclusively in the form of phosphate ions such as H 2 PO − 4 and HPO 2− 4. Only about 0.1% of body ...
Methods used to determine the concentrations of some of the ions used to calculate the anion gap may be susceptible to very specific errors. For example, if the blood sample is not processed immediately after it is collected, continued cellular metabolism by leukocytes (also known as white blood cells) may result in an increase in the HCO −
Hypophosphatasia (/ ˌ h aɪ p oʊ ˈ f ɒ s f eɪ t ˌ eɪ ʒ ə /; also called deficiency of alkaline phosphatase, phosphoethanolaminuria, [5] or Rathbun's syndrome; [1] sometimes abbreviated HPP [6]) is a rare, and sometimes fatal, inherited [7] metabolic bone disease. [8]
A notable occurrence of dephosphorylation is the conversion of ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate. Dephosphorylation employs a type of hydrolytic enzyme, or hydrolase , which cleaves ester bonds. The prominent hydrolase subclass used in dephosphorylation is phosphatase , which removes phosphate groups by hydrolysing phosphoric acid monoesters ...
A ball and stick model of a phosphate anion. In biochemistry , a phosphatase is an enzyme that uses water to cleave a phosphoric acid monoester into a phosphate ion and an alcohol . Because a phosphatase enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of its substrate , it is a subcategory of hydrolases . [ 1 ]