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Humus is a negatively charged colloidal substance which increases the cation-exchange capacity of soil, hence its ability to store nutrients by chelation. [62] While these nutrient cations are available to plants, they are held in the soil and prevented from being leached by rain or irrigation.
Those soil organisms have high nutrient requirements because they have high energy costs for capturing spaces and nutrients under high competition, explaining the fast use of nutrients. [9] Also, the variety of organisms reflects nutrient availability, which is necessary for the build-up of mull humus.
Nutrients in the soil are taken up by the plant through its roots, and in particular its root hairs.To be taken up by a plant, a nutrient element must be located near the root surface; however, the supply of nutrients in contact with the root is rapidly depleted within a distance of ca. 2 mm. [14] There are three basic mechanisms whereby nutrient ions dissolved in the soil solution are brought ...
Humus usually constitutes only five percent of the soil or less by volume, but it is an essential source of nutrients and adds important textural qualities crucial to soil health and plant growth. [158]
The term comes from humus, which in turn comes from the Latin word humus, meaning "soil, earth". [1] Humic substances represent the major part of organic matter in soil , peat , coal , and sediments , and are important components of dissolved natural organic matter (NOM) in lakes (especially dystrophic lakes ), rivers, and sea water .
Mor humus has three distinct layers: A litter (L) layer, atop a fermentation (Fm) layer, followed by a humus (H) layer, before the transition to mineral soil (Ae, Bf). ). Unlike other types of forest floor humus, the litter layer is well-differentiated from the fermentation layer, and the fermentation layer remains distinct from the humus la