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Principal Chiefs of Arapaho Tribe, engraving by James D. Hutton, c. 1860. Arapaho interpreter Warshinun, also known as Friday, is seated at right.. Cheyenne and Arapaho Indian Reservation were the lands granted the Southern Cheyenne and the Southern Arapaho by the United States under the Medicine Lodge Treaty signed in 1867.
Northern Arapaho arrived at the Wind River Indian Reservation in March 1870. Seven miners were killed during an attack on March 31, 1870, which white settlers blamed on the Arapaho, Cheyenne, and Sioux. [8] [21] A voluntary group of soldiers left South Pass, Wyoming, in search of the Native Americans who participated in the attack. [22]
Built near the Cheyenne and Arapaho camping ground, Big Timbers, the fort was a little smaller than the adobe Bent's Old Fort, which had been destroyed by fire [3] [6] by Bent in 1849 during a severe cholera epidemic that decimated the southern Cheyenne. [8] [a] [b] The new building, with 16-foot walls, had twelve rooms built around a central ...
The Bozeman Trail passed right through the Powder River Country which was near the center of Arapaho, Cheyenne, Lakota, and Dakota territory in Wyoming and southern Montana. The large number of miners and settlers competed directly with the Indians for resources such as food along the trail.
Fort Reno was established near the Darlington Agency in 1874, at the insistence of Agent John Miles, to pacify the Arapaho and Cheyenne who had already settled there. At first, Buffalo Soldiers of the 10th Cavalry were dispatched from Fort Sill to establish an installation called “Camp Near the Cheyenne Agency.”
On September 9, 2006, the Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes of Oklahoma conveyed to the United States title to 1,465 acres (6 km 2) to be held in trust for the National Historic Site. [5] The site includes 640 acres (260 ha) acquired and preserved by the American Battlefield Trust and its partners.
The Brulé Sioux under Spotted Tail who had been allies of the Cheyenne and Arapaho had peacefully settled near Fort Laramie. [36] [37] Black Kettle, always seeking peace, signed the Little Arkansas Treaty in October 1865 obligating his band of Southern Cheyenne to move to Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma). [38]
Therefore, there was an increase in hostilities with or by the Southern Cheyenne and Arapaho until 1875. Poisal's uncle, Chief Left Hand, was killed in November 1864 during the Sand Creek massacre. [10] Snake Woman and her daughter Mary were at the encampment during the massacre. Many of the Arapaho men were on a hunting trip at the time. [16]