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However, the cervical spine is comparatively mobile, and some component of this movement is due to flexion and extension of the vertebral column itself. This movement between the atlas and occipital bone is often referred to as the "yes joint", owing to its nature of being able to move the head in an up-and-down fashion.
They allow for flexion and extension and limit lateral flexion in the cervical spine. Pathological processes that can occur in these joints include degenerative changes or hypertrophic arthritis, resulting in foraminal stenosis and nerve compression. Foraminal stenosis at this joint is the most common cause of cervical nerve root pressure.
The spinal nerves arise from the spinal column. The top section of the spine is the cervical section, which contains nerves that innervate muscles of the head, neck and thoracic cavity, as well as transmit sensory information to the CNS. The cervical spine section contains seven vertebrae, C-1 through C-7, and eight nerve pairs, C-1 through C-8.
Sensation to the front areas of the neck comes from the roots of the spinal nerves C2-C4, and at the back of the neck from the roots of C4-C5. [8] In addition to nerves coming from and within the human spine, the accessory nerve and vagus nerve travel down the neck. [1]
The superior cervical ganglion (SCG) is the upper-most and largest [1] of the cervical sympathetic ganglia of the sympathetic trunk. [1] [2] It probably formed by the union of four sympathetic ganglia of the cervical spinal nerves C1–C4. [1] It is the only ganglion of the sympathetic nervous system that innervates the head and neck.
The omohyoid is innervated by the ansa cervicalis of the cervical plexus. [2] The inferior belly is innervated by the ansa cervicalis itself (which is derived from cervical spinal nerves C1-C3), and the superior belly is innervated by the superior root of ansa cervicalis (which is derived from the first cervical spinal nerve (C1)). [1]
The supraclavicular nerve is a cutaneous (sensory) nerve of the cervical plexus that arises from the third and fourth cervical (spinal) nerves. It emerges from beneath the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, then split into multiple branches. Together, these innervate the skin over the shoulder.
the cervical region encompassing the neck, the scapular region encompassing the scapulae and the area around, the dorsal region encompassing the upper back; the lumbar region encompassing the lower back. the sacral region occurring at the end of the spine, directly above the buttocks. The regions of the back of the arms, from superior to ...