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Transactional Model of Stress and Coping of Richard Lazarus. Richard S. Lazarus (March 3, 1922 – November 24, 2002) was an American psychologist who began rising to prominence in the 1960s. A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Lazarus as the 80th most cited psychologist of the 20th century. [1]
It is most notably used in the transactional model of stress and coping, introduced in a 1984 publication by Richard Lazarus and Susan Folkman. In this theory, cognitive appraisal is defined as the way in which an individual responds to and interprets stressors in life.
Transactional Model of Stress and Coping of Richard Lazarus. The structural model of appraisal helps to explain the relation between appraisals and the emotions they elicit. This model involves examination of the appraisal process as well as examination of how different appraisals influence which emotions are experienced.
In Stress, Appraisal, and Coping, Richard Lazarus states that, "studies of coping suggest that different styles of coping are related to specific health outcomes; control of anger, for example, has been implicated in hypertension. Three routes through which coping can affect health include the frequency, intensity, duration, and patterning of ...
Richard S. Lazarus emphasizes the relationship between the person and the environment as important contributing factors in emotion and adaptation. [1] According to Lazarus, the person-environment relationship is the arena of the emotions and the adaptational encounter is the basis for analysis. [5]
She is internationally recognized for her contributions to the field of psychological stress and coping. Her 1984 book Stress, Appraisal and Coping alongside Richard S. Lazarus, is the most widely cited academic book in its field, and the 17th most cited book in social science. [1] [2]
In the late 20th century, Richard S. Lazarus brought to light the theory of cognitive appraisal (an individual’s subjective view of their environment and its stimuli) in understanding emotional responses, while James J. Gross introduced the Process Model of Emotion Regulation, further investigating how individuals are able to influence their ...
Coping refers to conscious or unconscious strategies used to reduce and manage unpleasant emotions. Coping strategies can be cognitions or behaviors and can be individual or social. To cope is to deal with struggles and difficulties in life. [1] It is a way for people to maintain their mental and emotional well-being. [2]