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Global debt refers to the total amount of money owed by all sectors, including governments, businesses, and households worldwide. [ 1 ] As of 2022 [update] , global debt was the equivalent of 305 trillion USD .
This is a list of countries by external debt: it is the total public and private debt owed to nonresidents repayable in internationally accepted currencies, goods or services, where the public debt is the money or credit owed by any level of government, from central to local, and the private debt the money or credit owed by private households or private corporations based on the country under ...
[1]: 81 A debt instrument is a financial claim that requires payment of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor in the future. Examples include debt securities (such as bonds and bills), loans, and government employee pension obligations. [1]: 207 Net debt equals gross debt minus financial assets that are debt instruments.
In 2018, global government debt reached the equivalent of $66 trillion, or about 80% of global GDP, [19] and by 2020, global government debt reached $87US trillion, or 99% of global GDP. [6] The COVID-19 pandemic caused public debt to soar in 2020, particularly in advanced economies that put in place sweeping fiscal measures. [6]
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The following articles contain lists of countries by debt: List of countries by public debt; List of countries by household debt; List of countries by corporate debt; List of countries by external debt
According to the International Monetary Fund's External Debt Statistics: Guide for Compilers and Users, "Gross external debt, at any given time, is the outstanding amount of those actual current, and not contingent, liabilities that require payment(s) of principal and/or interest by the debtor at some point(s) in the future and that are owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy."
International Third World debt has reached the scale that many economists [who?] are convinced that debt relief or debt cancellation is the only way to restore global equity in relations with the developing nations. [citation needed] Excessive debt accumulation [clarification needed] has been blamed for exacerbating economic problems [by whom?].