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  2. Lazy evaluation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazy_evaluation

    The variable b is needed here to meet Java's requirement that variables referenced from within a lambda expression be effectively final. This is an inefficient program because this implementation of lazy integers does not memoize the result of previous calls to eval. It also involves considerable autoboxing and unboxing.

  3. Monitor (synchronization) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monitor_(synchronization)

    A condition variable is explicitly 'signalled' when the object's state is modified, temporarily passing the mutex to another thread 'waiting' on the condition variable. Another definition of monitor is a thread-safe class , object , or module that wraps around a mutex in order to safely allow access to a method or variable by more than one thread .

  4. Spurious wakeup - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spurious_wakeup

    The Linux p-thread implementation of condition variables guarantees that it will not do that. [3] [4] Because spurious wakeup can happen, when a thread wakes after waiting on a condition variable, it should always check that the condition it sought is still satisfied.

  5. Conditioning (probability) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditioning_(probability)

    Beliefs depend on the available information. This idea is formalized in probability theory by conditioning. Conditional probabilities, conditional expectations, and conditional probability distributions are treated on three levels: discrete probabilities, probability density functions, and measure theory.

  6. Dependent and independent variables - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_and_independent...

    A variable is considered dependent if it depends on an independent variable. Dependent variables are studied under the supposition or demand that they depend, by some law or rule (e.g., by a mathematical function), on the values of other variables. Independent variables, in turn, are not seen as depending on any other variable in the scope of ...

  7. Conditional expectation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional_expectation

    If the random variable can take on only a finite number of values, the "conditions" are that the variable can only take on a subset of those values. More formally, in the case when the random variable is defined over a discrete probability space, the "conditions" are a partition of this probability space.

  8. Holdover in synchronization applications - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holdover_in...

    The stored data are used to control phase and frequency variations, allowing the locked condition to be reproduced within specifications. Holdover begins when the clock output no longer reflects the influence of a connected external reference, or transition from it. Holdover terminates when the output of the clock reverts to locked mode condition.

  9. Producer–consumer problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Producer–consumer_problem

    The monitor is an object that contains variables buffer, head, tail and count to realize a circular buffer, the condition variables nonempty and nonfull for synchronization and the methods append and remove to access the bounded buffer. The monitor operation wait corresponds to the semaphore operation P or acquire, signal corresponds to V or ...