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An optical ground wire (also known as an OPGW or, in the IEEE standard, an optical fiber composite overhead ground wire) is a type of cable that is used in overhead power lines. Such cable combines the functions of grounding and communications .
Converts measurements to other units. Template parameters [Edit template data] This template prefers inline formatting of parameters. Parameter Description Type Status Value 1 The value to convert. Number required From unit 2 The unit for the provided value. Suggested values km2 m2 cm2 mm2 ha sqmi acre sqyd sqft sqin km m cm mm mi yd ft in kg g mg lb oz m/s km/h mph K C F m3 cm3 mm3 L mL cuft ...
Wireless backhaul is easy to deploy, cost efficient and can provide high capacity connectivity, e.g., multiple gigabits per second, and even tens of Gbps. Wireline fiber backhaul, on the other hand, can provide practically endless capacity, but requires investment in deploying fiber as well as in optical equipment.
Loss = dB loss per connector × number of connectors + dB loss per splice × number of splices + dB loss per kilometer × kilometers of fiber, where the dB loss per kilometer is a function of the type of fiber and can be found in the manufacturer's specifications. For example, a typical 1550 nm single-mode fiber has a loss of 0.3 dB per kilometer.
(dB) ≈ 36.6 dB + 20 log10[frequency (MHz)] + 20 log10[distance (miles)] These alternative forms can be derived by substituting wavelength with the ratio of propagation velocity ( c , approximately 3 × 10 8 m/s ) divided by frequency, and by inserting the proper conversion factors between km or miles and meters, and between MHz and (1/s).
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Another capability is to install a single cable or a bundle of small ducts into an occupied duct. The most expensive activity in installing a network is the need for civil works. Thus, re-using ducts occupied with one cable, leaving some space, is a tempting and often possible and cost-effective alternative.
A fiber optic cable assembly with SC APC connectors, as commonly used to link optical network terminals to passive optical networks. A passive optical network (PON) is a fiber-optic telecommunications network that uses only unpowered devices to carry signals, as opposed to electronic equipment.