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The university of ancient Taxila (ISO: Takṣaśilā Viśvavidyālaya) was a center of the Gurukula system of Brahmanical education in Taxila, Gandhara, in present-day Punjab, Pakistan, near the bank of the Indus River. It was established as a centre of education in religious and secular topics.
Gandhara (IAST: Gandhāra) was an ancient Indo-Aryan [1] civilization centred in present-day north-west Pakistan and north-east Afghanistan. [2] [3] [4] The core of the region of Gandhara was the Peshawar and Swat valleys extending as far east as the Pothohar Plateau in Punjab, though the cultural influence of Greater Gandhara extended westwards into the Kabul valley in Afghanistan, and ...
Taxila was founded in a strategic location along the ancient "Royal Highway" that connected the Mauryan capital at Pataliputra in Bihar, with ancient Peshawar, Puṣkalāvatī, and onwards towards Central Asia via Kashmir, Bactria, and Kāpiśa. [43] Taxila thus changed hands many times over the centuries, with many empires vying for its control.
Gandāra, or Gadāra in Achaemenid inscriptions (Old Persian cuneiform: 𐎥𐎭𐎠𐎼, Gadāra, also transliterated as Gaⁿdāra since the nasal "n" before consonants was omitted in the Old Persian script, and simplified as Gandāra or sometimes Gandara) [1] was one of the easternmost provinces of the Achaemenid Empire in South Asia, following the Achaemenid invasion of the Indus Valley.
The capitals of Gandhāra were Takṣaśila (Pāli: Takkasilā; Ancient Greek: Ταξιλα Taxila), and Puṣkalāvatī (Prakrit languages: Pukkalāoti; Ancient Greek: Πευκελαωτις, romanized: Peukelaōtis) or Puṣkarāvatī (Pali: Pokkharavatī). [2]
Taxila Museum (Punjabi, Urdu: ٹیکسلا عجائب گھر) is located at Taxila, Punjab, Pakistan.The museum is home to a significant and comprehensive collection of Gandharan art dating from the 1st to the 7th centuries CE.
Jinnan Wali Dheri ("the mound of jinns") is an archaeological site near Taxila, Pakistan. It is the remains of a Buddhist monastic complex dating to the 5th century AD, part of the remains of the Gandhara civilization. [1] It is one of the best-preserved Buddhist monastic complexes in the Taxila valley. [2]
Buddhism first took root in Gandhara 2,300 years ago under the Mauryan king Ashoka who sent missionaries to the Kashmira-Gandhara region following the Third Buddhist council in Pataliputra (modern India). [6] [7] [8] Majjhantika, a monk from the city of Varanasi in India, was assigned by Ashoka to preach in Kashmir and Gandhara.