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These irregular heart rhythms can range from mild to severe and may cause symptoms such as palpitations, lightheadedness, or even loss of consciousness. [7] In some cases, arrhythmias can lead to sudden cardiac arrest, a life-threatening condition in which the heart suddenly stops.
Hypertension or high blood pressure affects at least 26.4% of the world's population. [15] Hypertensive heart disease is only one of several diseases attributable to high blood pressure. Other diseases caused by high blood pressure include ischemic heart disease, cancer, stroke, peripheral arterial disease, aneurysms and kidney disease.
There are no specific diagnostic criteria for TIC, and it can be difficult to diagnose for a number of reasons. First, in patients presenting with both tachycardia and cardiomyopathy, it can be difficult to distinguish which is the causative agent. [5] Additionally, it can occur in patients with or without underlying structural heart disease. [6]
Holiday heart syndrome, also known as alcohol-induced atrial arrhythmias, is a syndrome defined by an irregular heartbeat and palpitations [1] associated with high levels of ethanol consumption. [2] Holiday heart syndrome was discovered in 1978 when Philip Ettinger discovered the connection between arrhythmia and alcohol consumption. [ 3 ]
Complications can include heart failure, heart valve disease, or an irregular heartbeat. [3] [4] Causes include genetics, alcohol, cocaine, certain toxins, complications of pregnancy, and certain infections. [8] [9] Coronary artery disease and high blood pressure may play a role, but are not the primary cause.
If a patient has low blood pressure, difficulty breathing, chest pain, shock, or confusion, they are considered unstable and must have an electrocardiogram result checked to determine if the heart is beating normally. If this is not the case, cardioversion, which uses electricity to reset the heartbeat, should be performed urgently.
If blood pressure decreases, the heart beats faster in an attempt to raise it. This is called reflex tachycardia. This can happen in response to a decrease in blood volume (through dehydration or bleeding), or an unexpected change in blood flow. The most common cause of the latter is orthostatic hypotension (also called postural hypotension).
Those affected by arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy may not have any symptoms at all despite having significant abnormalities in the structure of their hearts. [6] If symptoms do occur, the initial presentation is often due to abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) which in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy may take the form of palpitations, or blackouts. [7]