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The formula for calculating it can be derived and expressed in several ways. Knowing the shortest distance from a point to a line can be useful in various situations—for example, finding the shortest distance to reach a road, quantifying the scatter on a graph, etc.
() = + is called the vertex form, where h and k are the x and y coordinates of the vertex, respectively. The coefficient a is the same value in all three forms. To convert the standard form to factored form, one needs only the quadratic formula to determine the two roots r 1 and r 2.
A vertex of an angle is the endpoint where two lines or rays come together. In geometry, a vertex (pl.: vertices or vertexes) is a point where two or more curves, lines, or edges meet or intersect. As a consequence of this definition, the point where two lines meet to form an angle and the corners of polygons and polyhedra are vertices. [1] [2] [3]
A peripheral vertex in a graph of diameter d is one whose eccentricity is d —that is, a vertex whose distance from its furthest vertex is equal to the diameter. Formally, v is peripheral if ϵ(v) = d. A pseudo-peripheral vertex v has the property that, for any vertex u, if u is as far away from v as possible, then v is as far away from u as
A vertex with degree 1 is called a leaf vertex or end vertex or a pendant vertex, and the edge incident with that vertex is called a pendant edge. In the graph on the right, {3,5} is a pendant edge. This terminology is common in the study of trees in graph theory and especially trees as data structures .
The pencil of conic sections with the x axis as axis of symmetry, one vertex at the origin (0, 0) and the same semi-latus rectum can be represented by the equation = + (),, with the eccentricity. For e = 0 {\displaystyle e=0} the conic is a circle (osculating circle of the pencil),
The process of drawing the altitude from a vertex to the foot is known as dropping the altitude at that vertex. It is a special case of orthogonal projection . Altitudes can be used in the computation of the area of a triangle : one-half of the product of an altitude's length and its base's length (symbol b ) equals the triangle's area: A = h b /2.
The modern quadratic formula is sometimes called Sridharacharya's formula in India and Bhaskara's formula in Brazil. [33] The 9th-century Persian mathematician Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī solved quadratic equations algebraically. [34] The quadratic formula covering all cases was first obtained by Simon Stevin in 1594. [35]