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The three valleys were divided among three differently-sized societies, separated by 80 square kilometres (31 sq mi) "no-man's-land" in the middle. The city of Oaxaca much later developed in that area. Archaeological evidence, such as burned temples and sacrificed war captives, suggests that the three societies competed against each other.
The partly excavated main pyramid of San Jose Mogote San Jose Mogote and other important Formative Period settlements.. San José Mogote is a pre-Columbian archaeological site of the Zapotec, a Mesoamerican culture that flourished in the region of what is now the Mexican state of Oaxaca.
There were large temples built called yo hopèe, the house of the vital force, in which the priests performed religious rites. In the spiritual realm the pè , or life force, lived within various natural elements including wind, breath and was believed to be the spirit, or vital force, of all beings.
The Zapotecs were the earliest to gain dominance over the Central Valleys region. [2] The first major dominion was centered in Monte Albán, which flourished from 500 BC until 750 AD. [ 3 ] At its height, Monte Albán was home to some 25,000 people and was the capital city of the Zapotec nation. [ 2 ]
There are four basic groups of Zapotecs: the istmeños, who live in the southern Isthmus of Tehuantepec [10] the serranos, who live in the northern mountains of the Sierra Madre de Oaxaca, the southern Zapotecs, who live in the southern mountains of the Sierra Sur and the Central Valley Zapotecs, who live in and around the Valley of Oaxaca.
Zapotec civilization, a historical indigenous pre-Columbian civilization and archaeological culture of central Mexico; Zapotec languages, a group of closely related indigenous Mesoamerican languages
Mitla is the second-most important archeological site in the state of Oaxaca in Mexico, and the most important of the Zapotec culture. [1] [2] The site is located 44 km from the city of Oaxaca, [3] in the upper end of the Tlacolula Valley, one of the three cold, high valleys that form the Central Valleys Region of the state. [4]
In 1486, a fort would be established on the hill of Huaxyácac (now called El Fortín), overlooking the present city of Oaxaca and would become the seat of an Aztec garrison that enforced tribute collection from the Mixtecs and Zapotecs. [6] The Zapotec were likewise conquered by the Aztec under the Emperor Ahuitzotl, between 1497 and 1502 ...