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Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS), also known as hyperosmolar non-ketotic state (HONK), is a complication of diabetes mellitus in which high blood sugar results in high osmolarity without significant ketoacidosis. [4] [5] Symptoms include signs of dehydration, weakness, leg cramps, vision problems, and an altered level of consciousness. [2]
hyperosmolar non-ketotic state (HONK) or Hyperglycemia hyperosmolar state (HHS) is an acute complication sharing many symptoms with DKA, but an entirely different origin and different treatment. [15] Oppositely, the prevalence of HHS is common in individuals with T2D.
Hyperosmolar syndrome or diabetic hyperosmolar syndrome is a medical emergency caused by a very high blood glucose level. The prefix " hyper- " means high, and " osmolarity " is a measure of the concentration of active particles in a solution , so the name of the syndrome simply refers to the high concentration of glucose in the blood .
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) in Adults [6] Hyperosmolar hyperglycemia state (HHS) in adults with diabetes [7] Glycaemic control in people with cancer [8] Diabetes at the front door [9] All other guidelines are available free to download from the JBDS-IP website. [2]
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS, sometimes labeled "hyperosmolar non-ketotic state" or HONK) is much more common in type 2 diabetes and features increased plasma osmolarity (above 320 mosm/kg) due to profound dehydration and concentration of the blood; mild acidosis and ketonemia may occur in this state, but not to the extent observed in ...
As a medication, insulin is any pharmaceutical preparation of the protein hormone insulin that is used to treat high blood glucose. [6] Such conditions include type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, and complications of diabetes such as diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic states. [6]
Often, the recommended treatment is a combination of lifestyle changes such as increasing exercise and healthy eating, along with medications to help control the BG levels in the long term. [2] In addition to management of the diabetes, patients are recommended to have routine follow up with specialist to manage possible common complications ...
Chronic hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) injures the heart in patients without a history of heart disease or diabetes and is strongly associated with heart attacks and death in subjects with no coronary heart disease or history of heart failure. [22] Also, a life-threatening consequence of hyperglycemia can be nonketotic hyperosmolar syndrome. [16]