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El Escorial is situated at the foot of Mount Abantos in the Sierra de Guadarrama. [8] [9] [6] [3] This austere location, hardly an obvious choice for the site of a royal palace, was chosen by King Philip II of Spain, and it was he who ordained the building of a grand edifice here to commemorate the 1557 Spanish victory at the Battle of St. Quentin in Picardy against King Henry II of France.
The history of San Lorenzo de El Escorial is inexorably linked to the construction of the monastery and the town named El Escorial. The first historical references of this building date year 1558 where Philip II of Spain appointed a commission to find a proper place for the site, architects, doctors and quarrymen, among other guilds. [2]
To symbolize the union and centralization of political power of the Hispanic Monarchy, in 1561 Philip II chose, almost simultaneously, Madrid as the capital of the Kingdom of Spain and the hillside of Abantos, a mount in Sierra de Guadarrama, to construct a Hieronymite Monastery, el Monasterio de San Lorenzo El Real, also known as Monasterio del Escorial, or El Escorial: the monastery receives ...
The collection highlights the tournament pieces made for Charles V and Philip II by the leading armourers of Milan and Augsburg. Among the most remarkable works are full armour and weapons that Emperor Charles V used in the Battle of Mühlberg, and which was portrayed by Titian in his famous equestrian portrait housed at the Museo del Prado.
The Monastery of El Escorial, where the library is located. The main reasons for Philip II's idea of establishing a grand library in Spain were the following: . the humanist character of the king himself, a person with a strong intellectual formation, as well as a great bibliophile, who saw the impulse to build a library as natural.
His son Pompeo Leoni (c. 1533–1608) produced a bust of Philip, c. 1556, painted silver, [21] and later worked on the royal chapel at Philip's palace of El Escorial. [22] As he grew into middle age, the pious Philip favoured an austere style of dress for himself and his court.
Pantoja kept working for the court and the nobility, painting portraits of Prince Philip, the future Philip III, in 1592 and 1594. Among his most well known works is the portrait of Philip II wearing a cape and hat all in black, painted around 1594 for the Escorial. This portrait is one of the best representations of the idea of Spanish majesty ...
This engagement was broken, and she married Philip on 29 July 1313, at Fontainebleau. [10] In exchange, her maternal lands of Courtenay and other estates on the Continent were ceded to Hugh's sister Joan the Lame, who married Catherine's half-brother, Philip of Valois. [10] Hugh V was betrothed to Joan of France, later Countess of Burgundy and ...