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[2] [17] Eventually, the HBM was applied to more substantial, long-term behavior change such as diet modification, exercise, and smoking. [17] Developers of the model recognized that confidence in one's ability to effect change in outcomes (i.e., self-efficacy) was a key component of health behavior change.
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1. changing the picture of the model; 2. using "HBM" whenever the model is mentioned after the first opening paragraph; 3. adding contents and sources for the history section; 4. supplying more academic examples for the part of theoretical constructs; 5. adding more empirical studies; 6. supporting more evidence to the limitation of the theory;
In psychology, the I-change model [1] [2] or the integrated model, for explaining motivational and behavioral change, derives from the Attitude – Social Influence – Self-Efficacy Model, integrates ideas of Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior, [3] Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory, Prochaska's Transtheoretical Model, [4] the Health Belief Model, [5] and Goal setting [6] theories.
It is now referred to as a generalized model that interprets similar aspects, [3] and has become an alternative to the biomedical and/or psychological dominance of many health care systems. The biopsychosocial model has been growing in interest for researchers in healthcare and active medical professionals in the past decade. [4]
The transtheoretical model is also known by the abbreviation "TTM" [2] and sometimes by the term "stages of change", [3] although this latter term is a synecdoche since the stages of change are only one part of the model along with processes of change, levels of change, etc. [1] [4] Several self-help books—Changing for Good (1994), [5 ...
The gateway belief model is a dual process theory in psychology and the communication sciences.Specifically, the GBM postulates a two-step process of opinion change, where (mis)perceptions of normative agreement influence "key" personal beliefs that people hold about an issue (step 1), which in turn, shape public attitudes and support (step 2). [9]
HBM Healthcare Investments, a Swiss venture capital and investment firm; His or Her Britannic Majesty; Hitman: Blood Money, a video game; Hudbay, a Canadian mining company; Hummingbird Medal, a state decoration of Trinidad and Tobago; Habitation à bon marché, the predecessor of the French HLM housing program