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The William Ritter Lumber Company (1890–1960), famous for its Appalachian oak flooring and other products, used a modified technique to reduce waste: bark and a few boards were removed from two opposite sides of the log; the log was cut in half (possibly, four quarters); each piece was placed on the flat side and "quartersawn" lumber was cut ...
Wood finishing starts with sanding either by hand, typically using a sanding block or power sander, scraping, or planing. Imperfections or nail holes on the surface may be filled using wood putty or pores may be filled using wood filler. Often, the wood's color is changed by staining, bleaching, or any of a number of other techniques.
For firewood, this is not an issue but for woodworking purposes, high stresses will cause the wood to crack and be unusable. Normal drying times to obtain minimal seasoning checks (cracks) in 25 mm (1 inch or 4/4 lumber) Red Oak ranges from 22 to 30 days, and in 8/4, (50 mm or 2 inch) it will range from 65 to 90 days.
In the United States, planks can be any length and are generally a minimum of 2×8 (1 + 1 ⁄ 2 in × 7 + 1 ⁄ 4 in or 38 mm × 184 mm), but planks that are 2×10 (1 + 1 ⁄ 2 in × 9 + 1 ⁄ 4 in or 38 mm × 235 mm) and 2×12 (1 + 1 ⁄ 2 in × 11 + 1 ⁄ 4 in or 38 mm × 286 mm) are more commonly stocked by lumber retailers.
Timber design or wood design is a subcategory of structural engineering that focuses on the engineering of wood structures. Timber is classified by tree species (e.g., southern pine, douglas fir, etc.) and its strength is graded using numerous coefficients that correspond to the number of knots, the moisture content, the temperature, the grain ...
In 1961, at a meeting in Scottsdale, Arizona, the Committee on Grade Simplification and Standardization agreed to what is now the current U.S. standard: in part, the dressed size of a 1-inch (nominal) board was fixed at 3 ⁄ 4 inch; while the dressed size of 2 inch (nominal) lumber was reduced from 1 + 5 ⁄ 8 inch to the current 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 inch.