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The complete list of all free trees on 2, 3, and 4 labeled vertices: = tree with 2 vertices, = trees with 3 vertices, and = trees with 4 vertices.. In combinatorics, an area of mathematics, graph enumeration describes a class of combinatorial enumeration problems in which one must count undirected or directed graphs of certain types, typically as a function of the number of vertices of the ...
Points of a horse. Equine anatomy encompasses the gross and microscopic anatomy of horses, ponies and other equids, including donkeys, mules and zebras.While all anatomical features of equids are described in the same terms as for other animals by the International Committee on Veterinary Gross Anatomical Nomenclature in the book Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria, there are many horse-specific ...
In the mathematical discipline of graph theory, a graph labeling is the assignment of labels, traditionally represented by integers, to edges and/or vertices of a graph. [ 1 ] Formally, given a graph G = ( V , E ) , a vertex labeling is a function of V to a set of labels; a graph with such a function defined is called a vertex-labeled graph .
tensor graph product (or direct graph product, categorical graph product, cardinal graph product, Kronecker graph product): it is a commutative and associative operation (for unlabelled graphs), zig-zag graph product; [3] graph product based on other products: rooted graph product: it is an associative operation (for unlabelled but rooted graphs),
In graph theory, a tree is an undirected graph in which any two vertices are connected by exactly one path, or equivalently a connected acyclic undirected graph. [1] A forest is an undirected graph in which any two vertices are connected by at most one path, or equivalently an acyclic undirected graph, or equivalently a disjoint union of trees. [2]
In graph theory, the Weisfeiler Leman graph isomorphism test is a heuristic test for the existence of an isomorphism between two graphs G and H. [1] It is a generalization of the color refinement algorithm and has been first described by Weisfeiler and Leman in 1968. [ 2 ]
The word pedigree is a corruption of the Anglo-Norman French pé de grue or "crane's foot", either because the typical lines and split lines (each split leading to different offspring of the one parent line) resemble the thin leg and foot of a crane [3] or because such a mark was used to denote succession in pedigree charts.
In mathematics, the vertical line test is a visual way to determine if a curve is a graph of a function or not. A function can only have one output, y , for each unique input, x . If a vertical line intersects a curve on an xy -plane more than once then for one value of x the curve has more than one value of y , and so, the curve does not ...