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The expanded graphite can be used to make graphite foil or used directly as a "hot top" compound to insulate molten metal in a ladle or red-hot steel ingots and decrease heat loss, or as firestops fitted around a fire door or in sheet metal collars surrounding plastic pipe (during a fire, the graphite expands and chars to resist fire ...
This is a list of the various reported boiling points for the elements, with recommended values to be used elsewhere on Wikipedia. For broader coverage of this topic, see Boiling point . Boiling points, Master List format
The Gmelin rare earths handbook lists 1522 °C and 1550 °C as two melting points given in the literature, the most recent reference [Handbook on the chemistry and physics of rare earths, vol.12 (1989)] is given with 1529 °C.
Theoretically predicted phase diagram of carbon, from 1989. Newer work indicates that the melting point of diamond (top-right curve) does not go above about 9000 K. [19] The allotropes of carbon include graphite, one of the softest known substances, and diamond, the hardest naturally occurring substance.
Boiling point (°C) K b (°C⋅kg/mol) Freezing point (°C) K f (°C⋅kg/mol) Data source; Aniline: 184.3 3.69 –5.96 –5.87 K b & K f [1] Lauric acid:
Hardness: Very hard, due to the strong covalent bonds throughout the lattice (deformation can be easier, however, in directions that do not require the breaking of any covalent bonds, as with flexing or sliding of sheets in graphite or mica). Melting point: High, since melting means breaking covalent bonds (rather than merely overcoming weaker ...
In 2002, Robert B. Rutherford and Richard L. Dudman filed for a patent in the US on a method to produce graphene by repeatedly peeling off layers from a graphite flake adhered to a substrate, achieving a graphite thickness of 0.00001 inches (0.00025 millimetres). The key to success was the ability to quickly and efficiently identify graphene ...
(graphite) 117 7 N nitrogen (N 2) use (N 2 ... Values refer to the enthalpy change between the liquid phase and the most stable solid phase at the melting point ...