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  2. Native American tribes in Texas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Native_American_tribes_in_Texas

    Texas has "no legal mechanism to recognize tribes," as journalists Graham Lee Brewer and Tristan Ahtone wrote. [7] The Texas Commission for Indian Affairs, later Texas Indian Commission, only dealt with the three federally recognized tribes and did not work with any state-recognized tribes before being dissolved in 1989. [2]

  3. Karankawa people - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karankawa_people

    The Karankawa's autonym is Né-ume, meaning "the people". [1]The name Karakawa has numerous spellings in Spanish, French, and English. [1] [12]Swiss-American ethnologist Albert S. Gatschet wrote that the name Karakawa may have come from the Comecrudo terms klam or glám, meaning "dog", and kawa, meaning "to love, like, to be fond of."

  4. History of Native Americans in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Native...

    The tribes trained and used horses to ride and to carry packs or pull travois. The people fully incorporated the use of horses into their societies and expanded their territories. They used horses to carry goods for exchange with neighboring tribes, to hunt game, especially bison, and to conduct wars and horse raids.

  5. Plains Indians - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plains_Indians

    They traded many horses north to the Plains Indians. [8]: 429–431 In 1683 a Spanish expedition into Texas found horses among Native people. In 1690, a few horses were found by the Spanish among the Indians living at the mouth of the Colorado River of Texas and the Caddo of eastern Texas had a sizeable number. [9] [8]: 432

  6. Mustang - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustang

    [citation needed] By 1769, most Plain Indians had horses. [45] [47] In this period, Spanish missions were also a source of stray and stolen livestock, particularly in what today is Texas and California. [48] The Spanish brought horses to California for use at their missions and ranches, where permanent settlements were established in 1769. [47]

  7. List of pre-Columbian inventions and innovations of ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_pre-Columbian...

    It came to be later adopted by US, Mexican, and indigenous horse-riding cultures. Chewing gum – Native Americans in New England introduced the settlers to chewing gum made from the spruce tree. The Mayans, on the other hand, were the first people to use latex gum; better known to them as chicle. [20] One of the few remaining chinampas at ...

  8. Opelousa - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opelousa

    Tribes in Texas used the Appalousa as middlemen in selling horses stolen from the Spanish to the French in New Orleans. Had relations with the Atakapas, Chitimacha, and Avoyel tribes of the surrounding region and acted as a middleman between them in trade. They received fish from the Chitimacha and Atakapa which was traded with the Avoyel for ...

  9. Travois - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travois

    Before the use of horses, Blackfoot women made a curved fence of dog travois’ tied together, front end up, to hold driven animals enclosed until the hunters could kill them. [ 10 ] : 9 When the women put up a tipi, they placed an upright horse travois against a tipi pole and used it as a ladder so they could attach the two upper sides of the ...